John Locke -Philosophy Essay Essay

â€Å"The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom. For in all the states of created beings capable of law, where there is no law, there is no freedom† – John Locke. What I feel that John Locke is attempting to express in his quote is that society believes that by having laws in place the government is taking away from the freedom they long to endure. However, by having laws in place it actually helps to enforce their rights to freedom. I chose John Locke as my topic for my final paper because I have taken an interest in the life he led, his inspirations and his role in politics. John Locke was the first of the classical British empiricists. Empiricists believed that all knowledge derives from experience. He became highly influential to the political world, inspiring government representatives such as Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine and James Madison. Locke expressed the radical view that government is morally obliged to serve people by protecting life, liberty and property (n. a, n. d). He explained the principle of checks and balances in order to limit the power of government. He also favored representative government and rule of law. Locke insisted that when government violates individual rights, the people have a right to rebel. His views on individual rights, life, happiness and politics led Locke to become known as the 17th century English Philosopher of the enlightenment. John Locke was born August 29, 1632, in Somerset, England. He was the oldest son of Agnes Keene and John Locke. His father was a Puritan lawyer who served as a clerk for justices of the peace (n. a. , n. d). With the assistance of his father’s connections to the English government, Locke received an exceptional education. In 1647 he enrolled at Westminster School in London, where he earned his distinct honor of being named a King’s Scholar. This was a privilege that went to only select number of boys and set the path for Locke to attend Christ Church, Oxford in 1652 (n. a. , n. d). Christ Church is considered the most prestigious school in Oxford. During this educational time period, Locke engaged in logic and metaphysics. He graduated from Christ Church in 1656 and returned two years later to pursue a Masters of the Arts. This accomplishment soon led to Locke taking on tutorial work at the college. In 1668 Locke was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. The Royal Society is a fellowship of the world’s most eminent scientist and is the oldest scientific academy in continuous existence (n. a. ,n. d. ). Locke then went on to study philosophy and medicine at the University of Oxford and graduated in 1674 with a bachelor’s of medicine. Locke did not want to commit his life to a religious order and therefore turned down a permanent teaching position from Oxford. This opened the doors to an opportunity serving as a private physician and secretary to Anthony Ashley Cooper, the Earl of Shaftesbury (Kermerling, 2011). During the summer of 1666, Anthony Ashley Cooper visited Oxford where he met Locke who was at the time studying medicine. Cooper, who was suffering from a liver cyst which threatened to become swollen and infected, requested that Locke be his personal physician. Locke accepted and soon moved into a room at the Cooper’s Exeter House mansion in Westminster, London. Cooper’s condition worsened and Locke was in a position of opportunity to heal the Earl successfully. In 1668, Locke supervised a successfully surgery and save the life of Anthony Ashley Cooper, the Earl of Shaftesbury. This honorable act led Locke to become a valued partner of Shaftesbury. After Shaftesbury stature grew, so did Locke’s responsibilities. He assisted in the Earl’s business and political matters and after Shaftsbury was made chancellor, Locke became his secretary of presentations. Locke was involved in just about everything that Shaftsbury did. This included the formation of the Whig party. The Whig party was a political group which consisted of politicians from America, England and Scotland who opposed King Charles I of England. Locke maintained correspondence with the party to assist with influencing Parliamentary elections. Shaftsbury was imprisoned for a year and on his release he helped pass the Habeas Corpus Act in 1679 which made it unlawful for government to detain a person without filing formal charges. The act also specified that an individual could not be put on trial for the same charge more than once (n. a. ,n. d). Shaftesbury was a strong influence to John Locke and helped pave his way for future success through experience – Empiricist. During the reign of King Charles II it was illegal to write, read or have books in one’s possession that pertained to any negative press against the government. Although it was risky, Locke continued his mission. He wrote about his experience with political actions. One treatise attached a claim that the Bible sanctioned tyrants and that parents had absolute authority over children. A second treatise presented an epic case for liberty and the right of people to rebel against tyrants. He pushed to a radical conclusion which attacked slavery and a defense of revolution (n. a. , n. d. ). Locke fled to Rotterdam on September 7, 1683 to avoid legal action (n. a. , n. d. ). The English government tried to have Locke extradited for trial and possible hanging. Lock fled to London and assumed the name â€Å"Dr. van der Linden. † He signed letters as â€Å"Lamy† or â€Å"Dr. Lynne† (n. a. ,n. d. ). Locke assumed that the government would intercept mail, so he protected friends by referring to them with numbers or false names. His excuse to friends for moving to Holland was that he enjoyed the local beer. In Holland, Locke began to work on his philosophical masterpiece, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding which urged people to base their convictions on observation and reason. His argument was that all ideas, simple or complex, are ultimately derived from experience. He challenged the traditional doctrine that learning consisted entirely of reading ancient texts and absorbing religious dogmas (n.a. , n. d. ). He maintained that understanding that the world required observation. The essay was published in December 1689, and established Locke as England’s leading philosopher. In the essay, Locke states the nature of his proposed doctrine: â€Å"Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper, void of all characters, without any ideas: – How comes it to be furnished? Whenced comes it by that vast store which the busy and boundless fancy of man has painted on it with almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of reason and knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from experience. In that all our knowledge is founded. (Valasquez, 2011)† The book became one of the most widely reprinted and influential works on philosophy. It brought great fame for Locke. So much, that he spent the rest of his life responding to admirers and critics by making revisions in later editions of the book, including detailed accounts of human volition and moral freedom. Locke also published Two Treatise of Civil Government. These writings were published anonymously in order to avoid controversy. The First Treatise is a detailed rejection of the monarchist theories of Robert Filmer. Locke attacked Filmer’s claim that God sanctioned the absolute power of kings. During this time period, such an attack was risky since it could easily be prosecuted as an attack on the King Charles II. The Second Treatise of Government offers a systematic account of the foundations of political obligation. The views expressed within this treatise were so radical that he only released his name as publisher in his will. Locke’s writings did much to inspire the libertarian ideals of the American Revolution. This, in turn, set an example which inspired people throughout Europe, Latin America and Asia. Locke’s philosophy had a great effect on American’s as well. Thomas Jefferson ranked Locke as the most important thinkers on liberty. He also helped inspire Thomas Paine’s radical ideas about revolution. James Madison drew most of his fundamental principles of liberty and government from Locke’s writings. John Locke’s writings were also included in the self-education of Benjamin Franklin. John Adam’s believed that both girls and boys should learn about Locke. Locke’s influence even traveled to France where the French philosopher Voltaire called, â€Å"Locke the man of the greatest wisdom. What he has not seen clearly, I despair of ever seeing† (n. a. , n. d. ). Mathematician and physicist Isaac Newton cherished his company. Locke helped William Penn restore his good name when he was political fugitive, just as Penn had arranged a pardon for Locke when he had been a political fugitive. Locke was described by the famous English physician Dr. Thomas Sydenham as â€Å"a man whom, in the acuteness of his intellect, in the steadiness of his judgment, in the simplicity, that is, in the excellence of his manners, I confidently declare to have, amongst the men of our time, few equals and no superiors.(n. a. , n. d. ). It is astonishing that Locke’s work has affected so many people around the world. He was an undistinguished Oxford scholar. He had a brief experience with a failed diplomatic mission. He was a physician who lacked traditional credentials and had only one patient. His first major work was not published until the age of 57. All of this and he is still one of the leading philosophers of all time. In 1691, John Locke is invited to spend his last years with friends Francis and Damaris Masham. Damaris is also a philosopher and is believed to have been romantically involved with Locke during their study years at Oxford. When Locke left for Holland, Damaris was to visit; however it did not work out and she married Francis Masham (Uzgalis, 2012). During his stay with the Masham’s Locke tutored their son Francis, here he begins to work on his treaties Thoughts Concerning Education. Locke’s health gradually began to worsen. He lost most of his hearing and his legs began to swell. He could barely bring himself to rise from bed. Around 3:00 in the afternoon, Saturday, October 28, 1704 he passed away (n. a, n. d. ). He was sitting in his study with Lady Marsham. Suddenly, he brought his hands to his face, shut his eyes and died. He was 72 years old. Locke’s focus has primarily been based upon the ideas of freedom and equality as a whole. He believed that citizens should naturally possess the right to life, liberty and happiness, which is portrayed in the constitution of the United States. These undisputable rights or natural rights have derived from the law of nature. The law of nature is a state that relies purely on the law of God, which is also known as moral law. This law gave people the natural right to life, liberty, and happiness without question. In addition, Locke believed that people also possess the basic right of self-defense if under attack. However, Locke’s key aspect of his theories was the basic idea of equality. He said that nobody has the right to rule and that consent is critical because it’s based on the premises that all people are equal (Uzgalis, 2012). John Locke is still very much known as a political philosopher in today’s modern society. Because much of Locke’s philosophy centered on subjects such as natural rights and knowledge, he has in-turn shaped American politics in such a way that it has never been the same. Locke has challenged many theories that have to do with inalienable rights as a part of natural law; therefore he had much to do with the involvement in the evolution of the American Government. He taught that, men by nature possess certain rights. He had a tremendous influence on all future political thinking. A clear representation of his involvement is portrayed in the declaration of independence. John Locke was, and will always be remembered as a pioneer in modern thinking.

Picasso

I have studied Picasso work because it is simply spectacular. The way he makes the cubists painting is amazing, he can show more than Just one viewpoint in a single angle which makes the painting that much better because it is like an entire book in a single picture. The layers and colors that express the emotions of this Weeping Woman are shown so clearly. The expression ‘Cry my eyes out' She literally cries her eyes out, they pop out of the eye socket. Cubism is a type of art technique that allows you to see more than one viewpoint of he picture from Just a single angle; so you see the emotions that she is expressing.By 1937 the great Weeping Woman' was established by Pablo Picasso. He made this picture as a representation of a weeping woman living in Spain during the civil war. Picasso was from Spain although he lived in France; he wanted to express his feelings and perspective on how the civil war has affected those living there. The Weeping Woman displays what it clearly s tates, a sad, a weak and worried woman however I believe strongly that there is more to this than Just being sad. The first feature I notice is her eyes.The way the both engage towards the audience as they were looking at someone and telling them to feel her pain as so the people of Spain. As well as this, her eyes seem to be falling out of her sockets, which could suggest that she has been ‘crying her eyes out† this is linked to the civil war reaction that Picasso is trying to show the audience. Following this, it has come to my attention that beneath her eyes are running tears displayed in cold colors, he has used cold lords to imply that this is not warm a warm and cheerful painting, in fact he wants to make her look isolated and alone.The running tears look endless as they have been thee for a long time and have frozen so therefore they have become like freezing icicles leaving her with sore eyes. The woman's mouth is drooping down whilst biting an extremely distress ed tissue at the same time. This action of the Weeping Woman connotes that she is either anxious or nervous, on top of that the coloring of the tissue is the same colors as the tears; this may be because the issue holds many tears and memories she cannot let go of.The coloring of her skin is varied between yellow and green, which could propose that she may be ill or feeling sick, anxious or nervous because of hearing bad news to do with the civil war. This links to her clothing as she is wearing all black, which symbolizes death, and that maybe she will be attending a funeral. Her clothing including her hat suggests that she is very wealthy. Finally the background is emblematic of the Spanish flag, which resents his patriotism to his country, this shows that Picasso still has connections with Spain even though he is living in France.My favorite type of art is Abstract mainly because you can take something so simple and distort it to make it something no one has ever discovered. This is why I truly love the Weeping Woman because in my opinion it displays pure imagination, individuality and a unique interpretation of art seen from his eyes. Following this I also find the Weeping Woman extraordinary because the way he has placed all angles and viewpoints onto a flat piece of paper really makes you stop and think about what he is trying to portray through his work; it doesn't Just present itself it lets you see the portrait from the point of view you like best.My cubist painting could consist of only 3 things. Half of my face would be red for my bad (devil) side and blue half of my face, for the calm chilled (angel) side. And my final point could be a complete dark black background, this symbolizes that there is absolutely nothing there, so there is nothing that can get in my way of what I can achieve. Picasso I have studied Picasso work because it is simply spectacular. The way he makes the cubists painting is amazing, he can show more than Just one viewpoint in a single angle which makes the painting that much better because It Is like an entire book In a single plectrum. The layers and colors that express the emotions of this Weeping Woman are shown so clearly. The expression ‘Cry my eyes out' She literally cries her eyes out, they pop out of the eye socket.Cubism is a type of art technique that allows you to see more than one viewpoint of he picture from Just a single angle; so you see the emotions that she is expressing. By 1937 the great Weeping Woman' was established by Pablo Picasso. He made this picture as a representation of a weeping woman living in Spain during the civil war. Picasso was from Spain although he lived in France; he wanted to express his feelings and perspective on how the civil war has affected those living there.The Weeping Woman displays what it clearly s tates, a sad, a weak and worried woman however I believe strongly that there Is more to this than Just being sad. The first feature I notice Is her eyes. The way the both engage towards the audience as they were looking at someone and telling them to feel her pain as so the people of Spain. As well as this, her eyes seem to be falling out of her sockets, which could suggest that she has been ‘crying her eyes out* this is linked to the civil war reaction that Picasso is trying to show the audience.Following this, it has come to my attention that beneath her eyes are running tears displayed in cold colors, he has used cold lords to imply that this is not warm a warm and cheerful painting, in fact he wants to make her look isolated and alone. The running tears look endless as they have been thee for a long time and have frozen so therefore they have become like freezing Icicles leaving her with sore eyes. The woman's mouth is drooping down whilst belting an extremely distressed t issue at the same tale. Hills action of the Weeping Woman connotes that she Is either anxious or nervous, on top of that the coloring of the tissue is the same colors as the tears: this may be because the issue holds many tears and memories she cannot let go of. The coloring of her skin is varied between yellow and green, which could propose that she may be ill or feeling sick, anxious or nervous because of hearing bad news to do with the civil war. This links to her clothing as she is wearing all black, which symbolizes death, and that maybe she will be attending a funeral.Her clothing including her hat suggests that she is very wealthy. Finally the background is emblematic of the Spanish flag, which resents his patriotism to his country, this shows that Picasso still has connections with Spain even though he is living in France. My favorite type of art Is Abstract mainly because you can take something so simple and distort It to make It something no one has ever discovered. This I s why I truly love the Weeping Woman because In my pollen It displays pure Imagination, individuality and a unique interpretation of art seen from his eyes.Following this I angles and viewpoints onto a flat piece of paper really makes you stop and think bout what he is trying to portray through his work; it doesn't Just present itself it lets you see the portrait from the point of view you like best. My cubist painting could consist of only 3 things. Half of my face would be red for my bad (devil) side and blue half of my face, for the calm chilled (angel) side. And my final point could be a complete dark black background, this symbolizes that there is absolutely nothing there, so there is nothing that can get in my way of what I can achieve.

Japanese Immigrant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Japanese Immigrant - Essay Example As per the Census 2000, the Japanese Americans comprise for 7.77% of the Asian-American population and 0.28% of the US population. Like other ethnic minorities, the Japanese too had to struggle to establish themselves in the United States economically, educationally, socially, religiously and politically. This paper will discuss the patterns of Japanese immigration, the developments, the history and the changes that took place over the years. It will also discuss the reasons for Japanese immigration to America and their initial experience. Among the first to arrive from Japan in 1869 were the settlers with The Wakamatsu Tea and Silk Farm Colony, according to the Brown Foundation Journal (2000). They carried with them mulberry trees, silk cocoons, tea plants, and bamboo roots. COHORTS (1999), a publication of the Stanford Geriatric Education Center, describes that thousands of young Japanese male laborers came from Hawaii and Japan in 1885 to work on railroads, to pick fruit and vegetables for canneries, or to work in industries such as logging, mining, and meatpacking. ParkNet (2004) further clarifies that the first group arrived under the leadership of John Schnell. Initially, a group of Japanese were picked up from the streets of Yokohama and shipped to Hawaii. These were found to be unsatisfactory after which they developed systematic recruitment process. Based on the Census 1870, ParkNet quotes that out of 55 Japanese in the United States, 33 were in California and 22 in Gold Hill. The 1880 Census showed 148 Japan ese in the United States including 48 in California. According to ParkNet these could have been either students or those who had left Japan illegally as the laborers were not allowed to leave their country until after 1884. In 1884, the Japanese government and the Hawaiian sugar plantations signed an agreement to allow labor migration. In 1890, 2038 Japanese resided in the United States out of which 1114 lived in California. ThinkQuest, an

An Epidemic of Food Poisoning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

An Epidemic of Food Poisoning - Essay Example The etiological agents for this epidemic of food poisoning is bacteria (Emedicine, 2008). Bacterial food poisoning agents such as salmonellae, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus and vibrio cholerae are all possible etiological causes for this instance of food poisoning (Emedicine, 2008). Other agents such as E. coli and shigella are precluded because the symptoms enlisted in the case study do not corroborate with those that are manifest by victims of these latter food poisoning agents (Emedicine, 2008). The E . coli/shigella combine produce symptoms that are hemorrhagic in nature, symptoms that are absent from those listed in the case study. Among all these bacterial agents one viral agent can be included - Norwalk virus. The symptoms manifested by victims of norwalk virus poisoning corroborate exactly with those manifested by the victims of the case study epidemic (Emedicine, 2008). It was definitely food infection as enlisted bacterial or viral agents are harmful only when a substantial number enters the host's, usually humans and primates, body and multiplies and starts secreting toxins that adversely affect the host physiology. In contrast, toxification of food is usually a phenomenon that is caused by toxin producing agents like some varieties of mushrooms (Emedicine, 2008). ... Answer 2: It was definitely food infection as enlisted bacterial or viral agents are harmful only when a substantial number enters the host's, usually humans and primates, body and multiplies and starts secreting toxins that adversely affect the host physiology. In contrast, toxification of food is usually a phenomenon that is caused by toxin producing agents like some varieties of mushrooms (Emedicine, 2008). Toxins in food like large game fish can also be induced by such fish feeding on dinoflagellates like algae (Arnold, 2007). This is a source of ciguatera poisoning (Arnold, 2007). Another common source of food poisoning through toxicity in fish is scromboid poisoning associated with dark meat fish such as tuna, albacore and mackerel (Patrick, 2007). These are precluded in favor of food-borne infection by bacterial or viral agents because of lack of appropriate symptoms and duration of such symptoms. Question 3: How did the food get contaminated and which item was contaminated Answer 3: Careful study of the data attached with the case study reveals some facts. The data is of the symptoms evidenced in each person who attended the dinner at Port Allen, Louisiana, and the particular items of food each consumed there. The data also includes the particular hour and day on which the symptoms started developing and their duration. When the data set was scanned with an elimination method in which each item was scanned against persons who had eaten it and had developed the telltale symptoms - diarrhea, cramps, weakness, nausea, chills, headache, fever and vomiting - there was no clear indication that any one food item was responsible for the infection outbreak. This is quite in corroboration with what the initial laboratory analysis had revealed - that most of

Energy Conservation Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Energy Conservation - Lab Report Example The gravitational potential energy of an object refers to the energy an object possesses due to its location relative to a reference point. Considering an object close the Earth’s surface the gravitational potential energy is given as (Cutnell et al. 18) Where g is the gravitational acceleration, m is the mass if the object and y are the vertical position of the object relative to an arbitrary reference point. The following graphical plot illustrates the variation of kinetic and potential energy of the oscillating systems studied in this lab For a swinging pendulum (oscillatory system) there is the constant conversion of energy to kinetic energy, potential energy and back to kinetic energy however the total energy at any given time is always a constant. The energy stored in compressed springs or elastic objects is another form of potential energy that is mathematically given as (Cutnell et al. 25). Notably, when there is no energy input into the system, the total mechanical energy will remain constant. The linear plot shown in the printout shows the constancy of mechanical energy with time defined by same slope over given time. Using the K/m and y values shown in the table of results above the following graphical plot was obtained that shows the relationship between the K/m and the vertical displacement Using the Excel graphical plot above the gravitational acceleration was evaluate because for an oscillating system like a pendulum maximum potential energy (maximum displacement) is experienced when the kinetic energy is at a minimum. Equally maximum kinetic energy for a simple pendulum corresponds to the point where there is minimum vertical displacement. At the point where K/m is equal to zero, the potential energy of the system is at a maximum this corresponds to the point where the value of the arbitrary displacement is 0.1089. The potential energy per unit mass at this point

Comparing Plato and Hobbes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparing Plato and Hobbes - Essay Example This is true that Hobbes is the creator of the present times’ suburbia.  For Hobbes, the safety of the suburban housing developments that shows a number of TV programs on a ten-minute delay is the best that any of us can wish for.  He has been at the center of quenching any hopes, there are, with respect to old moral philosophers for which much has already been written in the books. The greatest good for Hobbes, then, is safety, and he stops at nothing short than to achieve it. The fact that Hobbes does not believe in any greatest good or utmost aim is significant to his conception of justice because this specifically rules out any possibility of a natural form of justice at all.  Religion thus for that matter is a creation of man and God has become no less than immaterial to any future conversation concerned with justice.  Without God, and without some greater, natural good, justice becomes something invented by man.  Hobbes leaves us with a conception of justice which involves nothing more than minding the laws that are possessed with the sovereign. Hobbes has assumed that man would rather choose to leave the state of nature, where there is no justice or for that matter any kind of injustice and thus build an agreement with the sovereign whereby this will form the basis for the ultimate creation of justice itself.  As stated down by Hobbes, one must agree to accept justice as simply keeping one’s agreements; this is specifically because th ere is nothing more and in essence nothing better than God. Hobbes has factually rejected the notion of justice attached with the haughty philosophers but he has quite a few things in common with that of Plato, who has also set out to create a Leviathan or to a certain extent a particular metropolis, in The Republic of Plato.

How online newspaper reporting will influence the adjustment of Literature review

How online newspaper reporting will influence the adjustment of foreign policy in democratic and autocratic countries - Literature review Example There are two major aspects that may define the extent to which the media influence the foreign policy making process. First, the level of direct knowledge that the public has on the agenda of the foreign policy discussion determines the level of media influence on the formulation of foreign policy (Croteau & Hoynes, 1997:54). This is because; under circumstances where the public has a high level of knowledge in relation to the agenda, such as the existence of a foreign crisis that the public is aware of, such an agenda is likely to generate a high level of public opinion that demands that the policy formulators must pay attention to the views and feelings of the public, regarding the policy (Altschull, 1984:32). For example, where a country is to enter into a foreign trade agreement with other foreign nations relating to the exploitation of a country’s resources, the media plays the role of informing the public, which in turn raises a public opinion that demands the ear of th e policy formulators. On the hand, where the foreign policy agenda is an issue that the public has little or no direct knowledge about, the media plays the role of publicizing the issue, so that the public becomes aware of the existence of such a policy agenda, and thus raises its opinion. Secondly, the nature of the effect that the policy agenda will directly have on the people also defines the level of media influence on the foreign policy making process (Graber, 2006:937).

Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business ethics - Essay Example Opponents of this idea argue that regulation, contrary to what it is supposed to be, is never done in the interests of the shareholders in the market, but for the benefit of a few people who use regulatory officials to make the market favourable to them. On the other hand, there are those who feel that regulation is necessary in order to bring sanity in the market. This probably has to do with the fact hat in the early days of the invention of the securities markets, there was a lot of misconduct by corrupt traders who used dishonest methods to benefit themselves at the expense of the other traders, especially the smaller traders who did not have a good clue of how the market worked. This led to the exploitation of many people and, in New York’s Wall Street, this unregulated, dishonest trading almost led to the collapse of the whole securities market. Because of such issues, most people felt hat the market does not have enough mechanisms to regulate itself and should therefore be regulated by the government. There are those who believe that the market is now mature and cannot be easily regulated like it was in the earlier days. They believe that whether regulated or not, the securities market will still perform well. ... While this kind of outsourcing has received a lot of criticism due to it perceived lack of patriotism, due to the fact that the directors of such firms are accused of exporting the labour market while there are so many unemployed people in the local economies, it can be applied in a positive way (Crowther & Rayman-Bacchus 107). Some of the issues which a firm like Adidas would have to consider in order to ensure that it is in the right direction would have to include employee policy. Fair pay and fair working hours Due to the fact that Adidas is looking for cheaper labour, it is very easy to be tempted to create sweat shops as has happened by so many firms, including firs from the developed world, where they abuse their workers in the developing world. In developing world, there are no tight employment regulations and employee protection laws. This fact, combined with the fact that poverty makes people in these countries to be willing to do any work under any conditions makes it easy for the employee to be abused and unfairly exploited without being able to complain. A firm like Adidas should take advantage of these conditions, not to abuse the employees but to set precedence as to how these employees must be treated and how to make sure that the employees reap happy fruits of their labour. This can be possible even after paying them relatively well in comparison to the local economy, the firms still saves a lot compared to what it would have to pay in the developed world. Question 3 Adidas, with regard to its actions seems to have a genuine interest in developing its people. However, being a for-profit firm, it would be misleading to think that this is purely philanthropy, otherwise if it was there would be no

2010 Texas State Political Party Platforms Assignment

2010 Texas State Political Party Platforms - Assignment Example This is because the unborn child has a right to life that cannot be infringed. Consequently, those organizations including hospitals and abortion clinics that support and fund abortion should be abolished and prosecuted. In addition, I support the Texas state in regards to the reversal of Roe v. Wade and this is the reason they affirmed the appointment of judges who respect family values as well as the sanctity of innocent human life (CTC Texas Politics 117). The act of homosexuality is immoral and it is the reason I agree with the Republican Party that it is a felony to issue marriage license to couples of the same gender. Moreover, I believe that homosexuality is the biggest contributor of the breakdown of the family unit. Additionally, the practice has contributed to the spread of dangerous communicable disease and contradicts to the truth ordained by God. In my upbringing, I have always known that marriage should be between a man and a woman. This is the reason I agree with the Republican Party that no civil official should perform such marriage ceremonies. In addition, Texas State neither accepts nor support homosexuality and opposes the legal entities. They refuse to recognize, as well as give special privileges including and not limited to persons engaging in same sex marriages, protection of children by homosexuals, insurance and retirement benefits for homosexuals (CTC Texas Politics 117). This is the reason the state opposes an y criminal or civil penalties against those opposing the act out of faith. In addition, the state opposes homosexuals and other individuals convicted of child abuse should have the right to adopt or be a custodian of a minor. In my opinion, homosexuality should not be presented as a good thing to do or a lifestyle in any family setting. Lastly, I know that all children have a right to education. I also believe

Challenges Faced by Hr Management Essay Example for Free

Challenges Faced by Hr Management Essay Challenges faced by HR management when significant staff cutbacks occur and how they should be addressed Downsizing is never easy on the Human Resource department. In fact, if not handled properly, it could be detrimental to the overall organization. Here are some challenges that come along with downsizing: Addressing the shifting morale and needs of the surviving employees, maintaining the productivity and profitability of the organization, and retaining skilled, and qualified employees. Staff cutbacks can leave the surviving employees feeling demoralized, bitter, angry, and in shock. One role of Human Resource Management is to act as an employee advocate. In a time of workforce reduction, communicating with employees as well as acknowledging their concerns and fears, can work to rebuild the employee’s sense of security in the workplace and help him/her to reengage in the culture of the organization. Through strategic Human Resource Management and planning, the shared values and beliefs of the organization can be reinforced to its employees and the collective value of the capabilities, knowledge, skills, life experiences, and motivation of the organizational workforce can be retained. Once there has been a major reduction in force within an organization, productivity and profitability becomes a main target of Human Resource management. One HR strategy would be to give more hours and responsibility to existing workers. However, eventually employees will become overworked and productivity will suffer. Utilizing alternative tactics such as hiring contingent or temporary workers is a strategic HR plan to maintain productivity and profitability while not having to pay the cost of benefits. Reducing turnover of qualified and skilled employees is an ongoing effort of Human Resource Management. Employees who survive workforce cuts tend to disengage the culture of the organization because they have lost faith in the organization being a lifetime employer. When an organization goes through a massive layoff process, the employee retention efforts of Human Resource Management could intensify. Employee retention efforts may include, constantly communicating with employees, and paying attention to surviving employees. As an example of a strategic Human Resource plan to hold on to skilled employees, an alternative work arrangement such as telecommuting might be offered to a worker. The functionality of Human Resources is always changing to meet the ever evolving needs of an organization. For example, when Xerox decided to downsize, the function of Human Resources became environmental scanning strategic planning. The restructuring goal however, included more than just a reduction in force. It was determined that the Human Resource entity needed to be streamlined and become a more efficient part of the organization. As a result, the use of technology, and maintaining employee retention was the core that developed HR into a more strategic part of the Xerox organization. There are two purposes that HR technology serves in an organization. The first is to improve the efficiency of employee data and HR activities collection. At Xerox, the use of HR technology has been instrumental in making HR services more accessible to their workforce. The second purpose of HR technology is to capture a greater degree of informational data that enables HR planning and managerial decision making. Again, Xerox made use of this aspect by supplying intranet employee surveys and tracking employee views on the company and HR. The information gathered allowed HR and managers to address areas that received lower scores on the survey. These efforts by the company and the HR department have had an effect on employee retention at Xerox. As stated earlier, reducing turnover of qualified and skilled employees is an ongoing effort of Human Resource Management. Xerox has made retaining especially high-potential employees a priority. Organizations have found that keeping good employees can be a challenge. However, in an effort to keep skilled and or high performing employees engaged and embracing the organizational culture and HR values of an organization, some employers will offer incentives. Employers, such as Xerox, will invest in employee training and development. Although this can be a double edge sword by potentially making an employee more marketable for other organizations, employers have found that when they invest in employees through job training and or monetary compensation, employee job satisfaction increases and employees are more likely to stay. In addition, employees who are engaged in an organization are more likely to be top performers and miss fewer work days. In summation, both technology and employee retention are key in HR development because they both lend to the culture of an organization. 1. Technology by improving the administrative efficiency of HR, and the responsiveness of HR to employees and managers. 2. Employee retention by maintaining employees who through their experience and loyalty to the organization, becomes a core competency and perpetuates the values and cultures to newer employees.

Carbon Nonmaterial From Non-renewable Oil Resource Synthesis

Carbon Nonmaterial From Non-renewable Oil Resource Synthesis Synthesis and characterization of carbon nonmaterial from non-renewable oil resources by catalytic CVD Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nano materials that obtain amazing properties, which find effectiveness in wide applications such as gas storage, sensor, catalyst, drug delivery system, and solar cell (Chen et al., 2012; Schnorr Swager, 2011). Carbon nanotube has been discovered by Iijima in 1991 (Iijima, 1991). Then Iijima found that Carbon nanotube exist in two structures single-walled (SWNTs) and multi-walled (MWNTs) carbon nanotube (Iijima Ichihashi, 1993). Typically multi-walled carbon nanotube typeset of joined single-walled carbon nanotube. General CNT’s synthesis methods include arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). These methods share the same principles: either carbon atoms determined from solid carbon sources (such as graphite rods used in arc discharge and laser ablation methods) or carbon-bearing gases (such as hydrocarbons, CO, and volatile solvents in the CVD method). Among these, CVD is the most convenient method to grow all kinds of CNTs and the best choice to produce large amount of CNTs at relatively low cost and with mild growth conditions(Prasek et al., 2011). In chemical vapor deposition, energy is donated to hydrocarbons to break them into reactive radical objects in the temperature range approximately from 500-800 °C, sometimes more. These reactive species diffuse down to a catalyst surface where they remain bonded. As a result, CNTs are formed. The commonly used energy source is resistive heating(Magrez et al., 2010). It is quite clear a few years ago that the effective catalysts for CNTs synthesis are Fe, Co, Ni and their alloys. These catalysts can Growth CNTs in three steps according to Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) mechanism: Firstly, a gas precursor produces carbons which adsorb and dissociate on the surface of the catalyst particles to form elementary carbon atoms. Secondly, the carbon atoms dissolve in the mass of the nanoparticles to form liquid metastable carbide and diffuse within the particles. Lastly, solid carbons precipitate at the outer side of the nanoparticles to form carbon nanotubes. Problem statements Carbon nanotube is one of the most hopeful candidates among all the nanoforms of carbon. However, all the carbon based nanomaterials are synthesized using carbon precursors derived from petroleum sources. It is the required to develop and design techniques that have used waste oils to minimize depletion of petroleum. Few waste oil based precursors have already been successfully used to synthesize multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) via various techniques. Among them CVD seems to be most appropriate. A CVD system with provision for controlling the input parameters through suitable mechanism is employed for this. In other hand, it may be noted that non renewable precursors consist of a mixture of a number of hydrocarbon molecules. This makes the optimization process for synthesis of CNTs from non renewable precursors highly demanding. The optimization process is complemented by characterization of the CNTs synthesized under different conditions. Characterization of CNTs helps in ascert aining identification of their uniqueness and suitability to different applications. It is expected that only a few of them will satisfy the requirements for a particular application. One of the main targets of the project is to demonstrate the applicability of these CNTs synthesized from waste oil precursors for functionalization technique to be suitable for numerous applications. Objective Considering the environmental effects and depletion petroleum product sources, our efforts will direct to receive waste engine oil and use it for synthesis carbon nanotubes. Therefore, as a first step, it is attempted to design easy and suitable laboratory refining process for waste engine oil to receive quantity of fractions. This outlines the first objective of the project. The second objective is that anticipate utilizing CNTs from the selected waste engine oil precursors. The third objective of the project is to optimize the CNTs synthesis parameters such as; temperature, flow rate, precursor type used, and catalysis type. The fourth objective is presenting a thermodynamic study for CNTs. The final objective of the thesis is to demonstrate the ability of MWCNTs synthesized from waste oil precursors for functionalization and study its dispersion in appropriate liquids. Literature review Liquefied petroleum gas, has been employed as carbon source to produce CNT arrays on ceramic spherical surface in the floating catalyst process into two-stage furnace. Good alignment of CNT has been obtained and the purity is as high as 97.5%. Through controlling the growth temperature, CNTs in aligned form with diameter approximately of 13 nm have been gained. As a result, from synthesize industrial fuel as a carbon source and the ceramic substrate, CNT arrays can be easily produced with large scale and at low cost(Zhang et al., 2007). Multi walled carbon nanotubes were utilized by spray pyrolysis of biodiesel oil which prepared from Jatropha curcas over Fe/Co/Mo catalyst which supported on either silica or alumina. Synthesized MWNTs have been characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectroscopy suggested that the MWNTs were well graphitized. In addition, abundant MWNTs have been utilized by catalyst which supported on silica nanoparticles(Karthikeyan Mahalingam, 2010). Carbon nanotubes were synthesized from heavy petroleum fractions such as Light diesel Oil (L.D.O.) and furnace Oil (F.O.) by modified chemical vapour deposition method and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. In this search a locally reactor has been designed for the synthesis and collection of soot from the petroleum material. Then, the soot collected is purified by sohxlet extraction apparatus. After that, the purified CNTs are oxidized with diluted nitric acid. The utilized CNTs have been dispersed in different solvents. Then, the dispersed stability has been analyzed at different temperature and results demonstrates that it is highly disperses in distilled water and acetone in compared to ethanol and methanol. Result shows SWCNTs having approximately 70nm in term of F.O and 90nm in term of L.D.O (Jagdeep et al., 2011). Single walled carbon nanotubes were utilized by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using heavy oil residue as carbon source. Different kinds of metals as catalysts including transition metals (Fe, Co and Ni) and nonmagnetic metals (Au and Pt) are used in the growth of SWNTs. The morphology and structure of the synthesized SWNTs products have been characterized by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that it is possible to synthesize high quality SWNTs by a CVD method with inexpensive heavy oil residue as the starting material. The diameter distribution of as-grown SWNTs strongly depends on the type of catalysts. It is found that SWNTs grown from transition metals (Fe, Co and Ni) have smaller diameter compared to that of SWNTs synthesized from nonmagnetic catalysts (Au, Pt). This result demonstrates the feasibility of controlling the SWNT diameters by selecting the catalysts. Mor eover, it is found that the reaction temperature is the key factor that affects the formation of SWNTs from oil residue. In our case, the growth mechanism of SWNTs is considered to be different from that of SWNTs synthesized from conventional carbon source (Li et al., 2012). Quasi aligned carbon nanotubes have been synthesized for using waste engine oil (WEO) as the carbon source by thermal chemical vapour deposition. The rich carbon content of WEO was supposed to endorse the growth of the quasi aligned CNTs. Synthesis process has been carried out at temperature of 500 and 570  °C for precursor and CNTs synthesis, respectively, a ferrocene catalyst concentration was 17.99 wt%. Synthesized CNTs have been characterized by energy dispersive X-Ray, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and micro Raman spectroscopy. The ability of CNT samples for emitting electrons has been examined by field electron emission (FEE) analysis. Both Electron microscopy and micro Raman analysis exposed a dense mixture of quasi aligned SWNTs and MWNTs with a moderate ID/IG ratio of 0.90(Suriani et al., 2015). Hypothesis In this project, we hypothesize that malty walled carbon nanotubes can be practically formed by using waste engine oil as non-renewable source. Catalytic CVD will be installed since it is currently considered as the most adaptable and affordable method for growing carbon nanotubes especially with high molecular weight hydrocarbons. Waste engine oil can be used directly into CVD, but it will produce carbon nano materials, which means many impurities such as amorphous carbon, nano fiber, and graphite. Thus, we can use re-refine the waste engine oil process at laboratory to receive many hydrocarbon products and use them as a carbon sources. References Chen, T., Qiu, L., Cai, Z., Gong, F., Yang, Z., Wang, Z., Peng, H. (2012). Intertwined aligned carbon nanotube fiber based dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Lett, 12(5), 2568-2572. doi: 10.1021/nl300799d Iijima, S. (1991). Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature, 354, 56 58. Iijima, S., Ichihashi, T. (1993). Single-Shell Carbon Nanotubes of 1-nm Diameter. Nature, 363(6430), 603-605. Jagdeep, S., N.C., K., Deepak, P. (2011). Synthesis of Highly Dispersed Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Furnace Oil and Light Diesel Oil by Modified Chemical Vapour Deposition Method. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science, 3(2), 15-20. Karthikeyan, S., Mahalingam, P. (2010). Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Biodiesel Oil: Green Nanotechnology Route. International Journal of Green Nanotechnology: Physics and Chemistry, 2(2), 39-46. Li, Y., Wang, H., Wang, G., Gao, J. (2012). Synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes from heavy oil residue. Chemical Engineering Journal, 211-212, 255-259. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.09.031 Magrez, A., Seo, J. W., Smajda, R., MioniĆ¡, M., Forrà ³, L. (2010). Catalytic CVD Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes: Towards High Yield and Low Temperature Growth. Materials, 3(11), 4871-4891. doi: 10.3390/ma3114871 Prasek, J., Drbohlavova, J., Chomoucka, J., Hubalek, J., Jasek, O., Adam, V., Kizek, R. (2011). Methods for carbon nanotubes synthesis—review. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21(40), 15872. doi: 10.1039/c1jm12254a Schnorr, J. M., Swager, T. M. (2011). Emerging Applications of Carbon Nanotubes† . Chemistry of Materials, 23(3), 646-657. doi: 10.1021/cm102406h Suriani, A. B., Alfarisa, S., Mohamed, A., Isa, I. M., Kamari, A., Hashim, N., . . . Rusop, M. (2015). Quasi-aligned carbon nanotubes synthesised from waste engine oil. Materials Letters, 139, 220-223. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.10.046 Zhang, Q., Huang, J., Wei, F., Xu, G., Wang, Y., Qian, W., Wang, D. (2007). Large scale production of carbon nanotube arrays on the sphere surface from liquefied petroleum gas at low cost. Chinese Science Bulletin, 52(21), 2896-2902. doi: 10.1007/s11434-007-0458-8

Love and what is needed for it exist as seen in two works Essay

Love and what is needed for it exist as seen in two works Love is a deep emotional feeling toward a person. Love comes in many forms, each being expressed in slightly different ways. There is the mothers love which she has for her child; a love of self, which aids in self preservation and self worth; there is love shared abroad to friends and family members; and love between a couple. Everyday we pass by people expressing affection and love, and partake in loving experiences with the people we encounter as well. People tend to think of love as just words, a term to signify devotion, many times this type of love disappears. The existence of true love stems further than just four letters, and a lack there of can be viewed using two literary pieces. Love in my opinion can be defined as such: love is like a lamp post, it shines in the midst of darkness, it lights your paths, and helps you to find your way every time. Love is kind, a comforter. It is not selfish or self contained, love is not limited, love suffers long and bears all things; love never fails. A true evidence of love is action. Love motivates action; it causes you to be faithful, not loosing heart or changing your love. Love is not envious or resentful, but gentle and not easily provoked to anger. Love will cause you to act patiently. Without love none of those things would exist, life loses all meaning with a lack or loss of love, unfeeling and empty would be the state of each human being if love did not exist. Wendy Wasserstein’s,† The Man in a case†, is a short scene about two engaged people, with strikingly distinct personalities. The setting of this scene is a small garden in the village of Mironiski, during 1898. The characters in this work are Byelinkov and Varinka.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The relationship in which Byelinkov and Varinka share is rather peculiar and their motivations for engagement don’t seem to involve any aspect of love. Varinka is overly enthralled with marrying Byelinkov because she perceives him as a most adored school master; and Byelinkov is concerned with the irony of his infatuation with Varinka. He even says â€Å"†¦their instructor, who teaches them the discipline and contained beauty of the classics, is in love with a sprite† (Wasserstein pg 21). They are content with the nonexistence of love in their relationship, Varinka says â€Å"until I met you I thought I wou... ...as taken care of by him, she longed for a different life, one more firmly rooted in the earth and not of an astronomers wife, whom only hears about the clouds. For true love to exist between people, love needs to become a motivation, which moves you to action each and everyday. Love embodies kindness, selflessness, long suffering, patience, gentleness and faithfulness. If love is absent or not reciprocated between individuals, their connection is diminished and will soon fade. Love is the core of any long lasting relationship. The dependence on love for relationships to thrive, marriage in particular is depicted in the previous works. Works Cited   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Boyle, Kay â€Å"Astronomer‘s Wife†. Responding to Literature stories, poems, and essays. Ed. Stanford, A Judith. McGraw Hill: 2003. 619-23   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lewis, C.S. â€Å"We Have No Right to Happiness†. Responding to Literature stories, poems, and essays. Ed. Stanford, A Judith. McGraw Hill: 2003. 724-28   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wasserstein, Wendy. â€Å"The Man in a Case†. Responding to Literature stories, poems, and essays. Ed. Stanford, A Judith. McGraw Hill: 2003. 17-22               

Sports Mascots Honor the Native American Indian Essay example -- Native

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The year is 1991.   The Atlanta Braves had just completed their first trip to the Fall Classic in four decades, and the Washington Redskins were undefeated, well on their way to their third Super Bowl title.   All across the eastern seaboard, sports fans were tasting success - while American Indians were in an uproar.   This year witnessed the peak of the protests over the use of mascots with American Indian themes.   With two of the major professional sports teams in question making front-page news across the country, many of us heard American Indians' complaints for the first time.   Suddenly, thanks to the cries of thousands of demonstrators, the names of many Americans' favorite teams had become synonymous with "nigger."   American Indians believe that the use of these mascots presents a slanderous stereotype of their society, and they demand immediate cessation of such usage.   Are these demonstrators justified?   According to the or ganizations in question, the choice of mascots based on American Indian themes was not intended to be derogatory and in most cases was instead intended to honor certain American Indian tribes or individuals.   In stark contrast, "nigger" was intended from its inception as a derogatory term for African-Americans; it is purposefully used to belittle its victims.   American Indians have made themselves victims here, choosing to be insulted where no insult was intended.   Because the intentions behind them are not slanderous, the use of mascots with American Indian themes should be continued.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since its birth, "Indian's" definition has never been derogatory.   It dates back to the 15th century, when Christopher Columbus mistakenly applied the label to the natives of the ... ... - Heroic Symbol at Florida State." Seminoles Official   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Athletic Site.   18 May 1993. Online. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.fansonly.com/schools/fsu/trads/fsu-trads-seminoles.html. 28 February   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1999. "Louis Sockalexis: The Cleveland Indian (1871-1913)." The Official Cleveland Indians   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Baseball Club Homepage. Online. Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.indians.com/history/sockalexis.html. 25 February 1999. Munson, Barbara. "Common Themes and Questions about the Use of 'Indian' Logos."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   American Comments: A Web Magazine.   1997.   Online.   Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.iwchildren.org/barb.htm. 25 February 1999. "Native Americans." Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia. 1996 ed. CD-ROM. Microsoft Corporation, 1995. "Seminole Wars." Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia. 1996 ed. CD-ROM. Microsoft Corporation, 1995.   

Killing as a Moral Barometer in Macbeth :: Free Macbeth Essays

Killing as a Moral Barometer in Macbeth  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's play Macbeth, the title character is a killer. Through the course of the play, he kills five different people or groups of people, one in each act. These are, respectively, Macdonwald, Duncan, Banquo, Macduff's family, and Young Siward. These five killings are different. In the beginning, Macbeth kills for his king. He then suffers a fall from grace before finally becoming a noble figure again in the end. But more interesting than this process is the way in which Shakespeare shows us the changes in Macbeth's character. Shakespeare uses the killings as a sort of "barometer" to illustrate these changes. Before the play begins, Macbeth's Scotland and Norway fight a war. In this war, Macbeth is a hero, admired for his courage and strength: But all's too weak; For brave Macbeth (well he deserves that name) Disdaining Fortune, with his brandished steel, Which smoked like bloody execution, Like valor's minion, carved out his passage Till he faced the slave; Which ne'er shook hands, nor bade farewell to him Till he unseamed him from the nave to th' chops And fixed his head upon our battlements. (Captain, 1.2.17-25) The killing that the Captain describes here is Macbeth's most heroic killing. The Captain admires him for his remarkable bravery. The other members of the Scottish court continue in praising him. Macbeth's motive for killing here is, unlike all his later murders, not a personal reason. It is a selfless, courageous, heroic deed that is thought to be able to save Scotland from utter destruction. Shakespeare uses this killing to introduce the audience to Macbeth. Here, we see Macbeth as a hero. This is possibly the most potent way in which Shakespeare could introduce Macbeth's heroism to us. What could be more heroic than killing for one's king? Similarly, what could be so evil as killing one's king? Macbeth, thanks to his bravery in the war, is made the Thane of Cawdor, part of a three-part prophecy given him by the Weird Sisters. Macbeth yearns to complete the prophecy and become King. Yet at this point, Macbeth is torn between killing and not killing. He is loyal to Duncan: "He's here in double trust:/First, as I am his kinsman and his subject,/Strong both against the deed; then, as his host,/Who should against his murderer shut the door,/Not bear the knife myself. Killing as a Moral Barometer in Macbeth :: Free Macbeth Essays Killing as a Moral Barometer in Macbeth  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's play Macbeth, the title character is a killer. Through the course of the play, he kills five different people or groups of people, one in each act. These are, respectively, Macdonwald, Duncan, Banquo, Macduff's family, and Young Siward. These five killings are different. In the beginning, Macbeth kills for his king. He then suffers a fall from grace before finally becoming a noble figure again in the end. But more interesting than this process is the way in which Shakespeare shows us the changes in Macbeth's character. Shakespeare uses the killings as a sort of "barometer" to illustrate these changes. Before the play begins, Macbeth's Scotland and Norway fight a war. In this war, Macbeth is a hero, admired for his courage and strength: But all's too weak; For brave Macbeth (well he deserves that name) Disdaining Fortune, with his brandished steel, Which smoked like bloody execution, Like valor's minion, carved out his passage Till he faced the slave; Which ne'er shook hands, nor bade farewell to him Till he unseamed him from the nave to th' chops And fixed his head upon our battlements. (Captain, 1.2.17-25) The killing that the Captain describes here is Macbeth's most heroic killing. The Captain admires him for his remarkable bravery. The other members of the Scottish court continue in praising him. Macbeth's motive for killing here is, unlike all his later murders, not a personal reason. It is a selfless, courageous, heroic deed that is thought to be able to save Scotland from utter destruction. Shakespeare uses this killing to introduce the audience to Macbeth. Here, we see Macbeth as a hero. This is possibly the most potent way in which Shakespeare could introduce Macbeth's heroism to us. What could be more heroic than killing for one's king? Similarly, what could be so evil as killing one's king? Macbeth, thanks to his bravery in the war, is made the Thane of Cawdor, part of a three-part prophecy given him by the Weird Sisters. Macbeth yearns to complete the prophecy and become King. Yet at this point, Macbeth is torn between killing and not killing. He is loyal to Duncan: "He's here in double trust:/First, as I am his kinsman and his subject,/Strong both against the deed; then, as his host,/Who should against his murderer shut the door,/Not bear the knife myself.

Continuity & Change Over Time Essay

During the time period between 600 and 1750, economic and social continuities and changes impacted Western Europe immensely. One particular economic alteration was the decline of feudal manoralism, prevalent in the early medieval era, as a result of the restoration of commerce following the Crusades. Another major change was the socioeconomic impact of the Age of Exploration circa 1500, which would establish European Hegemony. While economic transforma-tions occurred throughout Western Europe, the influence of the Roman Catholic Church was continuous despite fluctuations in its authority. After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 CE, Western Europe became divided into the Germanic Kingdoms that characterized the Middle Ages. Trade languished during this time as a result of the constant warfare (feuds) and political instability that ensued after the fall of Rome. For this reason, self-sufficient manors managed by local warlords developed. Rigid social stratification defined the period with a hierarchy comprised of Kings, Noblemen, Knights and peasantry. Socially, living conditions were unfavorable, and the Black Plague ran rampant devastating the European populace circa 1350. Between 1100 and 1300, Western Europeans embarked upon a series of religious quests against Muslims, known as the Crusades. European soldiers fighting in the Middle East were intrigued by foreign goods and the Muslim preservation of long forgotten Greco-Roman ideals. Amazed at such riches and ideas, they returned home to introduce and expose Western Europeans to what they had discovered. As a result, commerce was resumed and interregional trade networks were created to obtain foreign â€Å"luxury† goods that were at increased demand. Fortunately the war had forged European contacts with the Middle East via the Mediterranean Sea, which allowed for merchandise to be acquired from lands as far as China without extended voyages. As trade once again began to flourish, Europe saw the decline of manoralism. This was due to the rise in the merchant class which challenged the power of the Aristocracy, thereby weakening their influence.  Increased business in port cities caused urbanization in several areas in addition to an emerging middle class. Burgeoning trade and economic prosperity allowed for the resurgence of Greco-Roman intelligence and culture in what is known as the Renaissance, which spanned from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century. In the midst of the Renaissance, world trade was prosperous and vast. Nations established personal control through the commercial contacts that they established. In an effort to shorten certain trading routes and obtain a more surmountable amount of natural resources, many nations entered the Age of Exploration circa 1500. Christopher Columbus, in an effort to discover a more efficient route from Western Europe to India, accidently unearthed the Americas in 1492. His discovery led many other European nations to pursue imperialistic endeavors in what had become known as the New World. Two Spanish conquistadors, Cortez and Pizarro, made a profound impact on the areas they conquered in the New World. In Mexico, the native Aztecs were overpowered by Cortez’ forces. A majority fell ill from susceptibility to European diseases, while the rest were placed into coercive labor systems. Similar fates were bestowed upon the Incas subjected to Pizarro’s control. The Spanish created these colonies as a source of raw materials and cheap labor to support their expanding economic endeavors. To assert control over the native populations, the encomienda and mita systems were utilized. These systems, originally devised as a means of converting natives to Christianity, were in reality, inhumane, harsh organizations that devastated local populations. Through coercive labor systems and colonization, European nations were able to lay the foundation they needed to attain hegemony during this time period. Between 600 and 1750, the Roman Catholic Church continued to play a constant role in Western Europe. During the feudal period, the church developed its strong authority due to the decentralized political nature of Western Europe. In this instance Christianity acted as a unifying force amongst the several divided kingdoms of the age. Upon entry into the Crusades in 1095, the Church’s influence was at its peak as European soldiers rallied in opposition to Muslim forces encroaching on Byzantine territory. Those who  fought returned from the conflict to spark interests in worldly luxury products and thought laying foundation for the European golden age or Renaissance. Intellectual movements spurred by Renaissance thought led many to question the morality of the Catholic Church, specifically in regards to the sale of indulgences. Martin Luther, a Catholic monk, witnessed firsthand the lavish way in which clergy were allowed to live due to their increased secular power. He strongly disapproved of their practices and pursued reform through his 95 theses. The Church’s failure to comply with his proposals resulted in his decision to begin the Protestant Reformation. This division in the Catholic Church combined with an increase in monarchal authority temporarily decreased the church’s influence. Circa 1500, the Age of Exploration transmitted material goods as well as cultural and spiritual ideals. The Spanish conquistadors who conquered regions of Latin America instilled upon the natives their Roman Catholic faith thus replacing their polytheistic worship. What at first was evidence of religious exploitation, as seen in the coercive labor systems established, was transformed into a force of social stability that dominated everyday life. The spread of Christianity to the New World once again established the Catholic Church as a religious authority with substantial influence. Economic and social patterns between 600 and 1750 were transformed due to several changes and continuities throughout Western European society. The European decline in feudalism was impacted immensely by the resurgence in commercial activities following the Crusades. The prosperity that ensued from increased world contacts laid the foundation for eager explorers to trail their ambitions during the Age of Exploration. Their discoveries and conquests would then establish European Hegemony at the expense of many aboriginal people subjected to coercive labor. Throughout this time the Roman Catholic Church continually held a place in society despite fluctuations in their authority and support.

Evaluate the Possible Consequences of Michelin Failing to Meet Its Aims and Objectives Essay

Objectives – markets and customers, employees, economic performances, environmental policy and product/manufacturing. These provide guidance for management actions. Most organisations have general or overall aims which they can break down into specific objectives and aims. If aims and objectives fail to be successful there is a change the business will no longer work out. Michelin will have many consequences if the business fails to meet aims and objectives. Meeting stakeholder’s needs: Michelin looks to combine high levels of all stakeholder groupings. The company recognises that its long-term development depends on maintaining a balance between the needs of customers, employees, shareholders and the environment. This involves not only considering the `individual benefit` of a particular stakeholder grouping, but also the `collective benefit` of all the groups. Michelins policy on products and services reflect this approach. Michelin recognises that its long term success and development depends on maintaining a balance between all of its stakeholders needs. If there is an Impact on the stakeholders – Employees will not have a safe, secure job and may have to take a pay cut or reduce hours they work, this may lead employees to look into finding a different job where they know the business is successful. They may not get the level of training they have been used to. Customers may no longer be able to buy the same quality of goods and services if they fail to meet their aims and objectives this will be a big downfall in the business, they could lose customers which will make the business very unsuccessful. Shareholders may not receive the same return on investment that they once did or are looking for. Shareholders want a healthy dividend. Suppliers may not benefit from regular orders and prompt management from Michelin. If Michelin are meeting their objectives they will struggle financially this will cause many problems. Public authorities such as the local business community may no longer give Michelin the support and co-operation it once did this is because the business is not working as it used to. Communities may be affected by Michelin not meeting its aims and bjectives as it may put local people out of jobs as it has 125,000 employees. Environment may be affected by Michelin not meeting its aims and objectives as their products may become not very environmentally friendly. This will lose the business respect and potentially customers as well. Michelins current policy on products and services reflects this collective approach and will help them to meet targets of the business, without aims and objectives the business will have hardly any chance of being successful in the near future.

Revenue Assessment Essay

Thank you for the opportunity to assess your sales data in order to provide recommendations for increasing your sales. The analysis and recommendations below are based on the data you provided, which covers a period from May 2004 through June 2006. The analysis below is based on this data alone. Therefore, our recommendations should be tempered by your knowledge of business realities and your market. Please let us know if we can answer any questions concerning the analysis or the recommendations provided. Discount Analysis Analysis – An analysis was carried to understand if there is a relationship between the percentage of discount offered and the number of orders from customers or the number of items ordered by customers. Orders were grouped by the percentage discount offered, with the results seen in the below graphic. Most of the orders were placed without any discount, followed by orders placed at discounts of 5% to 25%. It can be seen that for discounts in the range 5% to 25%, there is not much of a different or a direct relationship between the discount offered and the number of orders or quantities placed by the customer. Based on this, it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between the discount level and the extra orders by a customer. Graphic Recommendation – Based on the information above, I recommend that the company should not allow very high discounts for orders such as 20% or 25%, and it would be able to obtain the same level of sales by giving lower discount such as 5% or 10% for volume discounts. The surplus funds kept will add to the revenues and profits of the company, and can be used for other items. Revenue Share Analysis Analysis- An analysis was performed to find out which countries created the biggest market for the company and also to review each salespersons performance in relation to each other. A majority of sales come from Germany and USA, with Austria, Brazil, and France in that order followed by other countries. It would be better for the company to focus on customers in these areas. The top salesperson are Peacock followed by Leverling and Davolio. The salesmen can be identified to receive provisional training for better on going performance. Graphic Recommendation – Since markets are becoming increasingly competitive, I recommend that the company concentrate on its major markets and increase market share there. It is suggested that the company select its major markets, USA, Germany, Austria, Brazil, and France and then focus its marketing and customer management efforts in these demographics to continue success in a competitive market. Sales Trend Analysis Analysis – Revenues per month per country were considered and plotted as can be seen in the below graphic. From the graph below we can see that the company has gradually added more countries to its target areas and has shown a consistent growth in revenues. Looking at the revenue movement of two of the company’s biggest markets, USA and Germany, we can see that there is a trend of orders peaking and falling down in a span of every three to four months. This essentially shows that customers are ordering in large quantities and then not ordering for some time, and then ordering after a certain gap. One aspect that has to be examined is if these spikes and troughs are to do with discounts that are given on quality due to which customers are ordering in bulk and then not ordering at all. Graphic Recommendation – The spikes and troughs in the sales over a regular basis and time period need to be analyzed further. These spikes and troughs could be the result of price discounts that the company is offering due to which customers are buying in bulk and stocking up on products. This could lead to variability in demand, leading to excess demand or no demand that would lead to non-efficient production by the company. Root cause analysis should be performed, and if it is established that volume discounts are leading to this phenomenon, it is recommended that the company minimize discounting and work with the customers using a partnership model to ensure a steady demand. Category Analysis Analysis – About 21% of total sales come from Beverages making it the largest category of products, followed by dairy products, confections and meat/poultry. The other categories are relatively smaller and the company can see at increasing their sales and offer them as combinations with merger products that would help in increasing the category and overall sales of the company. Graphic Recommendation – To improve revenues and margins, the company will have to increase the revenue contribution of every product category. I recommend that the company go into its customer requirements and see if it can cross sell product items, so that it can get more revenue from each customer. This will ensure that the company is able to offer competitive prices to customers and grow its business using its existing customers. The excel project allowed me to fully understand and â€Å"bring together† all of our Terminal Course Objectives and apply my learned skills into a real world scenario. I believe I have a better knowledge and proficiency of MS Excel spreadsheet formulas, charts, tables, graphs and a better understanding of data analysis, then ever before.

Difference Between Monopoly Pricing and Competitive Pricing Essay

Congress is discussing the possibility of removing patent protection for life saving drugs in order to reduce the cost of the Medicare and Medicaid systems. Discuss both the short-run and long-run implications for the economic situation of the drug industry. Include in your answer the impact on prices, new development, etc. of drugs. Include appropriate graphs showing the difference between monopoly pricing and competitive pricing. The drug industry currently takes on both monopolistic and competitive market structures. When a drug company develops a new drug, there are patent laws that allow the company to have a monopoly on selling the drug. In the short-run, the company is able to charge the monopoly price (above marginal cost) and maximize profit by producing the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. Once the patent runs out, other drug companies have an incentive to enter the market causing it to become more competitive. These new companies produce generic versions of the drug and charge a price below the monopolist’s price. As more and more competitors enter the price is driven down to marginal cost. If congress were to remove patent protection on life-savings drugs, drug company’s profits for life saving drugs would decrease. More companies would be able to begin producing the drugs without waiting for the patent period to end therefore, the original drug maker would not be able to charge the monopoly price for very long because competitors could quickly engineer generic versions. The original producer would no longer be a price maker and instead need to follow profit maximization rules of a competitive market by producing the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost and charge a price equal to marginal marginal revenue. Since the original drug maker will not be able to benefit from monopoly pricing during the patent period, there will be less incentive for them to create lifesaving drugs. A part of the benefit of higher profits during the monopoly period is the ability to recoup some of the research, develop, and testing costs of producing these drugs that the generic makers do not incur. Consumers on the other hand would benefit from competition in the market which prevents a single drug maker from dictating the market price of these newly developed lifesaving drugs.

Short answers_THE RISE OF NAZISM IN WEIMAR GERMANY (1919-1934) Assignment

Short answers_THE RISE OF NAZISM IN WEIMAR GERMANY (1919-1934) - Assignment Example ect the country to economic recovery, and assert German nationalism, solutions that the country greatly needed (Fritzsche, 1998).   Hitler’s diplomatic successes in foreign nations also added to the appeal of the Nazi movement to the German people. The German National Socialist party was based on the ideology that the German people were superior to other people (Hitler, 1925). In this respect, the movement emphasized German nationalism. As noted by Adolf Hitler in his Mein Kampf, the movement was founded on the premise that the Aryan master race was superior to all other races and that other races were in conflict especially with the master race. More especially, the Nazi movement believed that Jews were a mixed race which had infiltrated many societies was behind the repression and exploitation of the master race. Apart from its racial and anti-Semitic ideals, the Nazi movement was based on the need to expand Germany to provide more living space and resources to the Germans (Hitler, 1925). The Nazi movement felt that Germany was overpopulated and the territory occupied by the Germans was not enough for the people’s wellbeing, especially following the First World War. In this respect, Hitler noted that Germany’s relationship with Russia would be friendly if the latter if only Russia agreed to the re-establishment of the borders created by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Nazis believed that communism and capitalism were both dangerous to the nation (Hitler, 1925). Communism according to the Nazis would dissolve private property and would aggravate class conflict among other reasons. On the other hand they believed that capitalism destroys nations because of Jewish influences, international finance, and dominance by big corporations. Totalitarianism was yet another ideal of the Nazi m ovement as it believed that individual needs were less important compared to those of the community. Hitler, the main brain behind the Nazi movement stated that order and national

A detailed analysis of the tactile sensory system examining the Essay

A detailed analysis of the tactile sensory system examining the neurosceince, praxis and sensory modulation in relation to Autism - Essay Example ASD, Autism spectrum disorders are enduring neurodevelopmental disorders described as impairments in these three areas of functioning: communication abilities; restricted, stereotyped or repetitive behaviour patterns; and social behavior. Most researchers concur that autism is originated by either abnormal organization within the central nervous system, irregular brain structure, or both. Due to the variation of symptoms, the wide variety in their severity and the functional deficits’ continuum, the term ASDs is now being utilized to report the disparity observed in these children (Wing, 1997). Although there had been several theoretical evidence regarding the causes of autism, nowadays, more specific knowledge is available for the neurological and genetic abnormalities that exist. It’s been proposed that a surplus of axons in particular regions of brain results in an over-connection of these regions. Yet, their connections to other regions of the brain seem to be fragile (Herbert, 2005). It seems to be a need of coordination among these areas of brain. This lack of synchronization seems to affect brain functioning. People with ASDs have trouble conveying dissimilar cognitive functions mutually in an organized way. They suffer from difficulties in organization and planning (Prior & Hoffman, 1990). Synchronizing volition with sensation and movement can be complicated for some. In autism every part of the brain appears to perform on its own (Just et al., 2004) thus lacking a coordination of information. The information related to the environment is interpreted through sensory systems. It can be explained as a process within the brain which arranges sensory experiences – sound (taste), touch, gravitational pull, body awareness, movement and sight – into collective information which is then utilized by the individuals in reacting to and learning about

Legal Studies Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legal Studies - Term Paper Example ose living in Hong Kong continuously for seven years, shall be deemed as permanent residents of HKSAR; as per Article 24(2) category (3) of the basic law. As per the provisions of basic law, many parents qualifying for permanent resident status in HKSAR had children born in Mainland China, who have then moved to Hong Kong and overstayed there illegally. However, they approached the Immigration department for getting recognition of their status as permanent residents of HKSAR, as well as, for issuing them the necessary identity cards for this purpose. On 11 July 1997, Provisional Legislative Council of Hong Kong enacted the Immigration Amendment #3 ordinance of 1997, while specifying the formation of a certificate entitlement scheme, which required compliance from all permanent residents of HKSAR. Accordingly, Bureau of Exit-Entry was set up for this purpose at Mainland china, for applying under this scheme at Mainland China. However, acting as per this ordinance #3, the Director of Immigration refused permission to those, who applied after 1 July 1997, while ordering them to return to Mainland China. Hence, certain test cases were sel ected, which approached the Director of Legal Aid for challenging this ordinance. The Na Ka Ling Vs. Director of Immigration is one such test case. The child was able to prove being natural resident of Hong Kong, as also being lawful child of permanent Hong Kong residents. (Hong Kong Cases, pages 296-301) While all the four test cases were consolidated for hearing before Keith J, the judge dismissed all cases, including the Na Ka Ling case, with the exception of case involving Cheung Lai Wah, on 9th Oct 1997. The test applicants appealed against the order of dismissal, in the Court of Appeal. Hence, the court was requested to address the issue of constitutionality of Ordinance #3 and validity of wedlock requirement for defining the parent-child relationship, as per the ordinance #2. However, on 2nd April, 1998, this court upheld

Gene One - Not Going Public but Seeking Alternative Investors Essay

Gene One - Not Going Public but Seeking Alternative Investors - Essay Example However, going public includes a series of challenges, such as: high costs for developing the relevant process, meaning especially ‘the legal fees’ (Marcus and Wallace 1997, p.275), the ‘high costs for maintaining the public company status’ (Lipman 2005, p.179) and the continuous monitoring of all the firm’s important transactions (Marks et al. 2009, p.308). For the above reason, before going public, a firm should try to identify alternative sources of funding. Gene One should also use this practice. The firm’s performance up to now has been significant, if taking into consideration its rather short presence in the market. It would be preferable for the organization to avoid the exposure to the risks and challenges of going public and seek for additional funds through an alternative source of funding. As noted in the case study, the firm needs to secure its source of funding within a particular deadline, i.e. within the next three years (case s tudy, p.1). Three are the key organizational sectors that would have increased funding needs within this period: new development, advertisement and marketing. Three will be the criteria used for deciding the alternative source of funding available to the organization for covering its financing needs: the firm’s current financial status, the level of annual growth that the organization has to achieve within the next 3 years, and the potentials of the alternative source of funding to support the growth of the firm in the long term. The funding by a Peer-to-Peer network is considered as an appropriate solution, following the following advantages: a) the firm can borrow a high amount of money without using its assets for backing the loan given; b) the firm can choose the lender that offers the best terms in regard to the particular transaction; in other words, the firm can choose a loan the terms of which are more favorable for the organization, compared to the terms of loans off ered by other lenders; in this way, the firm could secure the level of funds necessary for improving its new development, marketing and advertising sectors so that an annual growth of 40% is achieved; c) the particular process can be managed and monitored by an intermediate, i.e. a firm specializing in this field, such as the firm Prosper. In this way, the risks involved are minimized; d) the firm would not have to meet the strict requirements, such as the requirements that a firm would have to meet if it decides to go public; Gene One is not prepared to meet such requirements, as noted by Michelle in Slide 8 of the case study; e) the completion of the process does not require the legal binding of the members of the organization; in case that any mistake takes place in applying for the loan, the members of the organization cannot be held responsible, an issue that has caused the concerns of the executives in Gene One (Slide 8 of the case study); f) the firm could use the same proces s for gathering additional funds, if necessary, without following complex processes; in this way, the firm could be able to meet not only its current funding needs but also any emergent future funding needs, and g) the above process could be completed quite quickly. In 2005 the firm announced the development of a new research project that would highly enhanced the firm’

Human Society's Impact on Ecosystems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Society's Impact on Ecosystems - Essay Example Human society engages in various activities that negatively affect the ecosystem. These include overhunting, deforestation, creating pollution, overpopulation and non-native species introductions. Overhunting affects the animals’ targeted leading to in extreme cases, extinction. Indirectly, it affects the ecosystem of other species of animals or plants that may have been dependent on the threatened animal for food or as a way to keep their population in check. An example is a white rhino in Africa because of overhunting by poachers the species is nearly extinct (Morgan, 2012). Deforestation directly affects plant life and indirectly affects other forms of life. Human society needs wood for different purposes. However, the overexploitation of forests and woodlands is detrimental to the ecosystem. Apart from plant life being destroyed, habitats are also affected. According to Butler (2005), Nigeria has the world's utmost deforestation pace. The country of Brazil, on the other hand, loses the biggest area of forest annually, while the Congolese consume more bushmeat than any other humid country all due to human activity. Overpopulation puts undue stress on the ecosystem thus forcing human society to compete with other members for limited resources. Pollution of the ecosystem is another negative impact of humans on the ecosystem. Pollution kills plants and animals and at the same time destroys habitats. Humans also introduce non-native species to new habitats for their own purposes. An animal may be introduced to a new area where it did not exist before to hel p cut down on an existing pest problem. Soon the new animal begins to have its own impact on the new area, and often it results in problems for other native species. The same may happen in the case of plants (Morgan, 2012). Grim as it sounds so far, the human society has some positive effects on the ecosystem. Environmental management and preservation, global water management, pollution control and environmental awareness are some of the ways human society positively affects the ecosystem. Although some activities in the list are forced on by human beings, they all have a positive impact (Dinesen, 2012).

Multiprocessor Systems and Applications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Multiprocessor Systems and Applications - Essay Example Computer programmer might have a difficult time studying all the instruments for all the computer processors. It might be difficult to correct difficulties that cross numerous CPU categories. Different processors require different resources and boundaries to the resources. The multiprocessing is the main complicated challenge because their CPU structures are in charge of allocating sources to opposing processes in an organized environment (Darlington and Ghanem, 1993). Applications may experience challenges when operating a multiprocessor processor because of practices they create which are acceptable only to one-processor systems. These challenges include the following. Thread Priorities, which can be solved by allowing access to information structures that reduce race situations. Memory ordering is another challenge, and can be reduced by petitioning the CPU clichà © into sections that can be accessed easily. During data processing, every processor processes information from parallel data calculations. The process shares a memory, which requires strategies such as locks and monitors to provide access to data. Finally, they all have concurrently performing procedures. Therefore, they require close monitoring of data (Darlington and Ghanem,

Survey for health research and methodlogy class Essay

Survey for health research and methodlogy class - Essay Example In the U.S., both the medical community and public have shown more interest in different alternative medical practices over the past couple of years. The establishment of an Office of Alternative Medicine by the National Institutes of Health in 1992 was testimony to the growing interest by the U.S. healthcare fraternity in alternative medicines. The Office later noted that therapies that were then considered unconventional had the potential of gaining more acceptance and becoming conventional in the future (Berman, Singh, Lao, Singh, Ferentz & Hartnoll, 1995). Recent studies conducted in the United States of America, Britain, and Australia among other countries reveal that alternative medicines are getting wider acceptance and attention among physicians and members of the public. A study conducted in 1990 by Eisenberg and other researchers, for example, revealed that about 30% of the American population used at least one form or another of complementary therapy (Berman, Singh, Lao, Singh, Ferentz & Hartnoll, 1995). In Britain, the number of people practicing alternative medicine grew 5.6 times more than physicians. Alternative medicines are used in the treatment of various ailments ranging from fevers to aches, pains and cancers. A study published in the European Journal of Cancer in 2000 revealed that out of the 1023 women suffering from breast cancer, roughly 22% had consulted with an alternative medicine practitioner in the previous twelve months (Rees, Feigel, Vickers, Zollman, McGurk & Smith, 2000). The attitudes of physicians and patients toward alternative treatments for cancer have been a subject of great interest for many researchers especially considering the effects of physician attitudes on patients. In her study on the relationship between patients’ use of alternative cancer treatments and physicians reactions toward them, Bourgeault (1996) established that patient –physician

Compare the attitudes to war in the three poems Essay Example for Free

Compare the attitudes to war in the three poems Essay Rule Britannia was written in 1740. The title Rule causes the reader to think that this is a command by God. Rule Britannia is an extremely patriotic poem which creates the image that Britain is the place of the Lord and Britain is the best. This image is implied by: Arose from out the azure land, This was the charter of the land, And guardian angels sung the strain This quotation would make the reader think that Britain was born from the sea, by guardian angels who are the messengers from God. This implies that God created Britain and how it came out from the sea, so we Britain should rule the sea. Another way that the patriotic image is implied is by the chorus: Rule, Britannia, rule the waves; Briton never will be slaves. This leads the reader to think that the British are extremely arrogant, how they think they will never be slaves also how Britain think they are the Gods of the sea. A 21st century reader would of seen this poem as patriotic and arrogant but a person reading this in 1740 would of seen this as true. Britain did rule the sea and the British at the time would have never thought they would be slaves, they thought they were too big and important for that. This poem is very rude about other countries in particular Spain. James Tompson describes other countries as Tyrants, in the context that this word is used it implies that other countries are arrogant harsh arbitrary people, some readers my think that the use of tyrant is referring to these foreigners being criminals. This is another way that the poem shows arrogance, how the Britain is great and how all the other countries are criminals. The writer uses the image of the oak tree to create a patriotic image again: Still more majestic shalt thou rise, More dreadful from each foreign stroke; As the loud blast that tears the skies Serves but to only root thy native oak. What this is saying basically is that every time Britain gets attacked it gets stronger. When an oak tree normally gets hit with thunder of lightning( a metaphor for canon fire from Britains enemys) which is being implied in line three of that quotation you would expect it to get destroyed and split in half. This does not happen though, it just makes Britain stronger. This would create an extremely patriotic image of how Britain is just getting stronger from each attack and how the enemy is never going to destroy Britain. Near the end of this poem another patriotic image is created, and manly hearts to guard the fair. This implies the image that the British guard their women and how the British are true gentlemen. Rule Britannia sees war as a holy thing, war is something that God would not condemn. This is achieved by the chorus Rule, Britannia, rule the waves; this gives the impression that Britain should rule the waves, the word rule is used in an interesting way. When I first read this poem I thought that the word was Royal, as in it was a holy thing. I believe this is a deliberate effect, the word rule is there to make the reader think that Britain should rule the sea but I think it is also there deliberately as a simile to make the reader to think of Royal which would make the reader think that ruling the sea is a command from God. If it was a command from God it would mean that he was telling Britain to rule the sea so fight any wars they need to accomplish this. Rule Britannia is a very confident poem, no where in the poem does doubt creep in. . Rule, Britannia, rule the wave Briton will never be slaves When you read this you see the image of people singing this loud, confident of what they have to do. This implies that this poem is for war, the writer James Tompson implies that war is a jolly thing something that has to be done, this is accomplished by the poem. The chorus of poem is meant to be sung, when I think of singing I associate it with singing things which are right and merry, it is not very often you sing about sad things, when the poem was written James tompson knew this and deliberately made it so the chorus would be sung. In Royal Britannia they poet fails to mention of the negative, he even goes to the extent of saying that war just makes Britain stronger, this can be seen in my third quote on page 1. This helps to build the confidence of the poem because no negatives have been mentioned; this is implying that there are no negative things about war. The charge of the light brigade is very confident on the surface but then some doubt seems to creep in. The crucial line in this poem is Some one had blundered: this line is extremely impersonal. It is the first sign of doubt creeping in. Later on in the charge of the light Brigade the same line is repeated twice, this line is All the world wondered. This line shows that people were question why these men were fighting, what was the point of this. This view of doubt never entered the first poem, it was like everyone was agreed that war was a great thing, in the second poem this doubt comes in and Tennyson is showing that not everyone thinks that war is so glorious. Unlike the Rule Britannia the charge of the light Brigade mentions negative things about war. I believe Tennyson is trying to show the reader that the war is not all great, people do die. As I mentioned before the line about someone blundering is extremely impersonal, this implies to the reader that in war there are no individuals, everyone is just seen as cannon fodder, if you die no one cares. The way the line is said makes this event sound like it happens often, normally when someone blunderers or dies you would be shocked but the way it is said makes it sound like a common event of war, Tennyson has deliberately not used !, I believe this is him trying to show there is no shock. In war there are deaths all the time, it is nothing special I believe this is what the author is trying to show. Rule Britannia sees war something that is necessary, it needs to be done to control the tyrants, without war these criminals would take the seas, Rule Britannia even gives the impression that the ruling the sea is a command from God. The charge of the light brigade is completely opposite to the view that war is backed by God, Tennyson associates war with death, Back from the mouth of Death, this implies that when these men where charging they were going into hell, so they when they fight and have a war they are entering hell, Tennyson is saying that was is thing of the Devil so it is evil. The charge of the light brigade implies that war creates heroes. This can be seen by Stormed at with shot and shell. While horse and hero fell and Honour the charge they made Honour the light Brigade When the soldiers started they were described in a very impersonal way, now they are being described as heroes. This would make the reader think that the poet opinion is that the people who fight in war become heroes. The charge of the light Brigade was written 1854. The word charge implies the image that this attack was very uncontrolled, unorganised attack. The charge of the light Brigade is very confident on the surface but doubt does creep in the further you go in. This poem has a rhyme which imitates horses galloping. All through the charge of the light brigade there are associations with death and the devil, Jaws of hell and Into the valley of Death. The charge of the light Brigade has two endings, the first one was edited so it was suitable for the reader. The ending which is printed in this booklet honours the men who took part in the charge more that the other ending. The second ending describes the actions of the men as bold, this implies that the actions of the men were stupid and not thought out. To be continued.