A Tale Of Two Cities: Dr. Alexandre Manette :: Tale Two Cities Essays

A Tale Of Two Cities Dr. Alexandre Manette           Dr. Alexandre Manette the great survivor of the Bastille and father to Lucie Manette. Dr.Manette is the most important character in the book. Throughout the book he is the stories backbone. Few subplots ignore Manette.         Dr. Manette loves his daughter. She is the world to him, without her he would still be a crazed old man. Dr. Manettes love for his daughter is clear throughout the story he expresses his thought verbally. When his daughter Lucie is married he tells her Consider how natural and how plain it is, my dear, that it should be so. You, devoted and young, cannot fully appreciate the anxiety I have entangle that your life should not be wasted.1 Dr.Manette is a very caring man. Caring, that is the one adjective I would use to describe Dr.Manette.         As I utter before Dr.Manette loves his daughter. Lucie Manette is his driving force. Dr.Manette wants little except for his daughter to live a full and happy life and himself to be a part of it. His desire to be a part of Lucie life makes it hard for him to give her up to Charles Darnay. After the wedding Dr.Manette says Take her, Charles. She is yours.2 He does so with a quite sadness.        A huge portion of the story revolves about Dr.Manettes past suffering in the Bastille. The Doctors Bastille time is pure hell. Ever after being freed he still mumbles maladjusted things such as It is a ladys shoe. It is a young ladys walking-shoe. It is in the present mode. I have had a pattern in my hand.3 Outbursts such as that show that he is not nor may he ever heal his scars. Though the book starts after his imprisonment, his Bastille time contains his actions that effects the stories plot the most. The action that very stands out is his writing and hiding of the letter that later convicts Charles Darnay. The exposure of the letter during the trail is in my opinion the most interesting twist in A Tale Of Two Cities.         Dr.Manette has few contacts with the Defarges however in my opinion the

The Poem Girl by Jamaica Kincaid Essay -- Poetry, Poem, Jamaica Kincai

The poem Girl by author Jamaica Kincaid shows love and family togetherness by creating microcosmic images of the way mothers raise their children in order to survive. Upon closer examination, the reader sees that the text is a string of images in Westerner Caribbean family practices. Jamaica Kincaid has taken common advice that little girls atomic number 18 constantly hearing from their mothers and tied them into a series of commands that a mother uses to prevent her daughter from turning into the slut that she is so bent on enough (380). But they are more than commands the phrases are a mothers way of ensuring that her daughter has the tools that she needs to survive as an adult. The fact that the mother takes the time to train the daughter in the proper ways for a lady to act in their time is indicative of their family love. The fact that there are so umteen rules and incorrupt principles that are being passed to the daughter indicates that mother and daughter spend a lot of time together. The reader gets the impression that the advice that the mother gives her daughter has been passed down from many generations of women. The advice of the ages has enabled their daughters to endure hardships and to avoid making the same mistakes that they had made, such as planting okra far from the house because it attracts red ants. There were some women in the sometime(prenominal) that learned this lesson the hard way, and included it in the litany of advice for future generations. But Girl also shows the hostility and family dissension that the females suffer. The world of the women is not comprised solely of setting the knock back for tea or determining which day to wash the white clothes or the colored clothes there is a darker side to their lives. The mot... ...ably performed tasks such as washing laundry on a rock, ironing her familys clothes, or cooking pumpkin fritters in very hot sweet oil. When I first read Girl I was amazed at how much work young women h ad to do in early 1900s. We can definitely say that the role of women has changed all over the years in the United States. We do not have to do so many grueling tasks to get through our everyday life. Today, mothers teach their daughters to be more independent. Women in third world countries do not have the luxuries we do. They still have many rules that hold them back from being their own person. whole works CitedJones, Gertrude. Personal Interview. April 15, 2006. Paul. Ephesians 522-23. Life Application Study Bible.Jamaica Kincaid. Vanessa Pupello. Fall 1997. Emory University. April 15, 2006. http//www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Kincaid.html

Guns, Germs, and Steel :: History, European Dominance

All through history, there is a ubiquitous theme. In lifes perpetual cycle, the Europeans always manage to overshadow the other civilizations. Why is it that the Europeans dominated the other races? Throughout Guns, Germs, and Steel, Jared Diamond desperately attempts to answer Yalis question asking Why is it that you white people developed so much freightage and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own (Diamond, p. 14)? In the Epilogue, Diamond summarizes his answer to Yalis question essentially attributing the environment for the success of the Europeans and discredits racial superiority of any sort (Diamond, p.405). Although other factors contributed to the fig up of the European civilization, the environment was the main factor. Some specific factors falling under environment that affected the European civilization are geography, food production, and diffusion and population. The geography of Europe contributed to its lateralisation over the o ther civilizations. The Chinese appeared to have it all. They had a rise of food production, the largest human population in the globe, and developed writing and about of all they were unified country (Diamond, p.411). The European coastline was highly indented with five large peninsulas which all evolved independent languages, ethnic groups, and government. China has a much smoother coastline with come that is less scattered compared to Europe (Diamond, p.414). Europes geographic balkanization and discord among the states developed hundreds of competing, and ambitious states (Diamond, p.416). States were kept on their toes to try to out due what other state had previously accomplished because they knew if one state did not pursue some particular innovation, another did, forcing neighboring states to do likewise or else be conquered or left economically behind (Diamond, p.416). Chinas unification based on geography led to their demise. Their government isolated them from the out side world and rejected all imports including technologies leaving them dramatically underdeveloped in a world of technologies (Diamond, p.416). Food production also affected Europes dominance over the other civilizations. As stated in chapter 18, the former absence of food production in the Americas was due entirely to their local paucity of domesticable barbarian animals and plants, and to geographic and ecological barriers that prevented the crops and the few domestic animal species of other parts of the Americas from arriving (Diamond, p.356). Domestication of animals varied among the continents because of differences in continental areas and the Late Pleistocene extinctions.

The Controversy Around Banning Books Essay -- essays research papers

The subject of censorship is a very controversial one, especially the banning of loudnesss. numerous people believe they must protect themselves and others from the "evils" of galore(postnominal) classic books and works of art because they can be deemed "indecent" in one way or another. Many believe that this is absurd and censorship in its current form is a violation of our First Amendment right to free speech. Personally, I align myself with the latter, however I do feel there atomic number 18 occasions where censorship is justifiable. The censorship of books is a division of censorship that, apart from Internet censorship, receives the most publicity. Banning books is the most popular form of such censorship. Many banned books are literary classics, such as The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, which was listed as the number 6 most challenged or banned book in a list compiled by the American Civil Liberties Union in 1997. This book has been banned from sch ool libraries all over the country because of the primary(prenominal) characters teenage angst, which many feel is too graphic for teenagers, and its profanity. Profanity, whether it be frequent or a rare occurrence, is a characteristic of many literary classics, as is the use of racial epithets.In the book Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain (ranking number 2 on the list), an epithet is use many times over to take up the people of color in the book. Now since the book was published in 1885 and such language was common at the time, I do not belie...

Symbols and Symbolism in Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper :: Gilman Yellow Wallpaper Essays Papers

Symbols and Symbolism in Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper Reflecting their role in society, women in literature are often portrayed in a position that is dominated by men. Especially in the nineteenth century, women were repressed and controlled by their husbands as well as other male influences. In The Yellow WallPaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the protagonist is oppressed and represents the effect of the oppression of women in society. This effect is created by the use of complex symbolisations such as the house, the window, and the wall-paper which facilitate her oppression as well as her self expression. It is customary to find the symbol of the house as representing a secure place for a womans transformation and her release of self expression. However, in this story, the house is not her own and she does not want to be in it. She declares it is haunted, and that there is something queer about it. Although she acknowledges the beauty of the house and especial ly what surrounds it, she constantly goes back to her feeling that there is something strange about the house. Her impression is like a premonition for the transformation that takes place in herself while she is there. In this way the house still is the cocoon for her transformation. It does not take the form of the traditional symbol of security for the domestic activities of a woman, but it does allow for and contain her metamorphosis. The house also facilitates her release, accommodating her, her writing and her thoughts. These two activities evolve because of the fact that she is kept in the house. One specific characteristic of the house that symbolizes not only her potential but also her trapped feeling is the window. Traditionally this symbol represents a debate of possibilities, but now it also becomes a view to what she does not want to see. Through it she sees all that she could be and everything that she could have. But she says near the end, I dont like to appear out of the windows even - there are so many of those creeping women, and they creep so fast. She knows that she has to hide and lie low she has to creep in pasture to be a part of society and she does not want to see all the other women who have to do the same because she knows they are a formula of herself.

The Influenza and Pneumonia Epidemic of 1918-1919 Essay -- American Am

The Influenza and Pneumonia Epidemic of 1918-1919In the ten months between September 1918 and June 1919, 675,000 Americans died of influenza and pneumonia. When compared to the number of Americans killed in combat in World War I, World War II, Korea, and Vietnam combined- 423,000- it becomes apparent that the influenza plaguey of 1918-1919 was far more deadly than the war which it accompanied. (Crosby, 206-207) The United States and the emit of the introduction had been exposed to such epidemics in the past, but never at such a severe cost in human life.The influenza epidemic came in two waves. The first wave, in the spring of 1918, took far fewer victims than the second. Americans stricken with the flu that spring wondered at the intensity of its symptoms and its incredible contagion. Doctors noticed that the virus seemed to spread more quickly than it ever had before that year, but did not realize how quickly it would reach epidemic proportion. As summer approached, the disease appeared to hold back satisfied its appetite for new victims.However, the second, deadlier wave of influenza was just about ready to unleash itself on the world, and it did so quickly. By August 1918, the Surgeon command of the Army reported that the death rate from disease for American soldiers was almost 2/3 lower than the annual rate for civilian males of the same age. At the end of the month, the Spanish influenza virus mutated, and epidemics of unprecedented virulence exploded in the same week in three port cities thousands of miles apart Freetown, sierra Leone, Brest, Belgium, and Boston, Massachusetts. (Crosby, 37) It is still unknown whether this was the result of three appearances of a single mutation or three different simultaneous mutatio... ...wed that it had learned from its experience in 1918. grippe epidemics in the thirties and the fifties never approached the magnitude of the 1918-1919 disaster. Research across the world eventually isolated and identified the v irus which causes influenza and the microorganisms which so practically accompany it and cause deadly complications like pneumonia and strep and staph infections. The American public health system is one of, if not the, best in the world today at educating its citizens and preventing the spread of communicable disease. Historians can only speculate about what would have happened if people had applied the knowledge of today to the devastating epidemic of so many years ago.WORKS CITEDCrosby, Alfred W., Jr. Epidemic and Peace, 1918. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1976.Hoehling, A.A. The Great Epidemic. Boston Little, Brown and Company, 1961.

The Influenza and Pneumonia Epidemic of 1918-1919 Essay -- American Am

The Influenza and Pneumonia Epidemic of 1918-1919In the ten months between September 1918 and June 1919, 675,000 Ameri advises died of grippe and pneumonia. When compared to the number of Americans killed in combat in introduction War I, World War II, Korea, and Vietnam combined- 423,000- it becomes apparent that the influenza epidemic of 1918-1919 was far more deadly than the war which it accompanied. (Crosby, 206-207) The United States and the rest of the world had been exposed to such epidemics in the past, only if never at such a severe cost in human life.The influenza epidemic came in two waves. The first wave, in the forge of 1918, took far fewer victims than the second. Americans stricken with the flu that spring wondered at the intensity of its symptoms and its incredible contagion. Doctors noticed that the virus seemed to spread more quickly than it ever had before that year, but did not realize how quickly it would reach epidemic proportion. As summer approached, the ailment appeared to have satisfied its appetite for new victims.However, the second, deadlier wave of influenza was just about ready to unleash itself on the world, and it did so quickly. By August 1918, the Surgeon General of the Army reported that the death rate from disease for American soldiers was almost 2/3 lower than the annual rate for civilian males of the same age. At the end of the month, the Spanish influenza virus mutated, and epidemics of infrequent virulence exploded in the same week in three port cities thousands of miles apart Freetown, Sierra Leone, Brest, Belgium, and Boston, Massachusetts. (Crosby, 37) It is still unknown whether this was the result of three appearances of a single mutation or three different simultaneous mutatio... ...wed that it had learned from its experience in 1918. Flu epidemics in the thirties and the fifties never approached the order of magnitude of the 1918-1919 disaster. Research across the world eventually isolated and identified th e virus which causes influenza and the microorganisms which so often accompany it and cause deadly complications like pneumonia and strep and staph infections. The American public health system is one of, if not the, best in the world today at educating its citizens and preventing the spread of communicable disease. Historians can only speculate about what would have happened if people had applied the knowledge of today to the devastating epidemic of so many years ago.WORKS CITEDCrosby, Alfred W., jr. Epidemic and Peace, 1918. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1976.Hoehling, A.A. The Great Epidemic. Boston Little, Brown and Company, 1961.

Identify the Different Reasons People Communicate

I am of the opinion that as a child practician an essential part of our work role will involve actively seeking to evolve and where apt build relationships. Consequently having a signifi batht repair on children and young good deals lives. As quoted, ( churlren and young peoples workforce, early and child care book 2010) there are a number of reasons why people communicate which are toBuild relationshipsThe ability to effectively communicate with a wide range of people is a vital factor in working towards building relationships that may flourish and enable the gaining of confidence and trust.For example in working with some young children who may convey difficulty expressing themselves, an rate of emotions could be displayed, i. e. Frustration, aggression, anxiety and withdrawal. As a practitioner, it would therefore be important to be patient, approachable, non judgmental and a good listener. It is also good to be fanciful in terms of askment recognising the contrasting needs of young people.Maintaining relationshipsI am of a view that open communication and a positive attitude corporation support the maintenance of relationships.I feel it is therefore important to assess your own attitudes and values to ensure this doesnt impact on others, hence have a willingness to challenge any arising issues in a professional manner. Conflict may arise in a working relationship. It would be important to be sensitive and allow feelings to be aired, but actively seek where apt to resolve a situation instead of dwelling on the issue.Gain and share informationWorking in partnership with young people, families, work colleagues and professional bodies is the foundation for enabling effective service delivery. The gaining and sharing of information where appropriate enables the identification of need and appropriate support. I. e. Child protection issue, discussed on a need to know basis, the aim being to protect the safety and well being of the child.Gain reassurance an d acknowledgementIt is important to have an awareness of others and the different ways you can provide support. I. e. praising a child or your colleague, being a listening ear, giving constructive feedback and being approachable. This billet can elevate confidence and vision. Express needs and feelings It is important for young people and colleagues feel that they can express their needs and feelings without being judged or discriminated against.Consequently I feel it is important for a practitioner where appropriate to put aside their personal judgements to facilitate others and provide them with an opportunity to be heard and supported. For example this stance can allow others to find their voice and raise self esteem.Share ideas and thoughtsI am of an opinion that sharing ideas and thoughts is an essential part of communication.It can foster a meliorate understanding of each other and issues promoting respect, confidence and new approaches. In working in a team or with young pe ople it can enable the forming of new relationships creating better working practices and pro change and more productive outcomes.1. 2 Explain how communication affects relationships in the work setting In companionship for communication to be effective within a work setting it is essential to establish and sustain good relationships with a diverse range of people and agencies. Within a work setting, poor communication can lead to a number of factors, i. . low moral, mistrust, anger, anxiety and isolation.If communication issues are not unyielding outcomes can be absences, high staff turnover, and ineffective service delivery, which impacts on the service users. It is imperative to keep the lines of communication open to build strong relations. ken of your body language, tone of voice, proximity, cultural differences, individual needs and being non judgmental can foster good relationships. Accordingly in working with colleagues regular superintendence/team meetings and training can promote understanding and better work ethics.In working with children and young people it is important to be able to engage with them (as outlined in unit 1. 2). During the settling in and transitioning period great consideration needs to be given to identify any barriers to communication and visualize appropriate support for themselves and parents. I. e. key working, ESOL identifying any internal or external resources that may be applicable. I am of the belief that taking such stairs to improve working practices can make children, young people and their parents feel that they have been heard and supported.

Analyzing Development and Change in the Media Industries

Every good analyst or researcher essential grasp the importance of using different analytical tools as well as visual aids to comprehend mixed dilemmas faced by companies. In the case of BBC we mustiness use various analytic tools to provide an overview of the topographic point being faced by BBC in 2001. Holistically, we must examine all carry and aspects of BBC in 1999 and 200. The below visual aid, Diagram A, is a representation of some financial highlights. This aid is a creation from data provided in the case study, and uses a pivot table in excel to metaphor the percentage changes per financial highlight.The chart below this diagram reflects the actual numerical change and percentage change be they negative or positive. You can go for that operating pro take ons have dropped considerably from 1999 to 2000 a full 25%. For a club like BBC this is a huge loss. In addition, turnover has increase both worldwide as well as on a group direct. Via this statistical analysis, i t can be verified that the company is suffering from employee disgruntlement and strike in ratings.In terms of using analysis to acquaintance a solution, the company ask similarly to provide a break-even analysis and sensitivity analysis to determine at which point the company is making an adequate profit margin as well as a range of probabilities that a purpose or alternative decision is acceptable. (Case Study, BBC). Initially we shall look at why producing it own programmes might be a source of conflict for BBC. BBC has over time and experience developed into one of the worlds leading broadcasters and programme makers.Renowned for its emphasis on high quality, accuracy of reporting stories, and neutrality BBC must recognize that this must be upheld as it produces its own programmes. In all fairness, BBC has the responsibility of pursuing all stories with out regard to who or what is paying it. Revenue that is generated should not be ground upon the payers expectations but on the equality and justification for the story. BBC is faced with these aspects as it produces its own programmes because the hand that angleds it might not be supportive of busy stories or reporting.In addition, as BBC is part of the print industry via its own magazine it must retain its revenue why printing stories that interest its c fabricationntele. This financial plaza guides BBC as it modernizes and uses unseasoned technology to present stories in an interesting manner. In its effort to preserve its reputation for accuracy and impartiality, BBCs focus structure had also come under scrutiny. Managers who had been recruited or hired from outside the firm might not have had the companys philosophy or accepted the companys historic approach to accuracy.Producing programmes in-house might have the managers external influences associated with its discourse of stories. Bureaucratic tendencies might stifle creativity and invoke change away from the BBC value system. This migh t in turn lead consumers to believe that impartiality, accuracy, and fairness has been compromised on BBCs part. (Case Study, BBC). Secondly, we shall examine why competing for ratings with other television channels is obviously a huge ara of conflict for BBC. In the modern world, there are many channels ranging from your basic channels to cable to subscribe to tv.These massive amount of channels have a tendency to give much choice to consumers. BBC needs to focus on surveying and determining just now what the consumer desires to see. Stories need to advance to be accurate but also contain new skills of reporting and a different manner of creative thinking in order to compete for ratings. The case study relates how the 1990 Broadcasting Act required both ITV and BBC companies to have at least 25% of its programmes from the independent sector. As this situation proceedred, morale among employees and prices dropped due to redundant stories and broadcastings.Ratings were also adve rsely affected by the company seeing and recognizing that its news could no longer be tailored to fit its overseas listeners and would take on a London bias. This was overcome by retaining the dedicated newsroom already based in Bush House. In general, this is always a threat to their ratings should they fail to consider oversea listeners interests and expectations. (Case Study, BBC). Finally, being a global provider is an area of conflict for BBC because like stated above the company needs to retain ratings from its oversea and global listeners.In order to be successful at this it needs to tailor its stories without losing its listeners in London as well. Because globally there are different manners of communicating, the company also needs to focus on external suppliers to produce TV content which is interactive, online sites which are user-friendly and informative, and strategically model itself to have a well-organized and structured organization. Global expectations also call for having search engines, a website which is efficient to navigate through, video and audio streaming, voting applications, and audience focussing (website, opta). call into question 3 How should the decision making process be followed in order to make good decisions to respond to the situation faced by the BBC in 2001? In order to adequately address this concern I must first iterate upon the importance and significance of the decision making process. This process itself consists of a mixed bag of step-by-step action plan which should be depositd to. As these steps are laid out I will indicate how BBC needs to or has responded during all(prenominal) of these steps.Furthermore, I will distinguish if these steps have ensured that BBC is making good decisions about responding to the dilemmas facing the company in 2001. Depending on how well the company is handling these steps deems its success or failure level. So, the first step of the decision making process is identifying the p roblem. By identifying the problem the analyzer can put a name or face to the situation. This enables the company to achieve an initial understanding of where to focus their attentions and perhaps which actionable plans must be considered to resolve the situation.For BCC, their chief problems lie in deciding how much authority and responsibility it should invest in other companies creating its programmes, how much should BBC compete for its ratings as a public service broadcaster, and to what level should BBC act as a global provider. To identify the problem they need to find the source of the problem. In this case, the source of the problem lies in the license fee and the governments control of its programmes. Having identified the problem, you can focus on focalisation on the problem versus the symptoms of it.This focus allows BBC to specify objectives and set decision criteria or requirements which can aid in selecting a solution. By selecting decision criteria BBC can decide wh ich methods it might undertake to rectify the situations that they are facing. For instance, BBCs commercial go found itself forced to produce its own magazine containing its own programme listings. It saw that it could any remain out of the print industry, ignore that other newspapers were refusing to disoblige details on its programs, or decide to supplement their own earnings by creating the BBC Enterprising LTD (BBC Worldwide).This also gave them a foothold in seeing a strong increase in its revenue and sales. For 2001, the company saw that past performances of inefficiency and losing audiences in the face of rapid increase in cable channels was dour its prosperity. In the decision making process it began to develop suitable alternatives. Depending on the nature or significance of the problem, selecting an alternative or even listing out alternatives requires must analysis. By listing out alternatives, BBC can see a variety of them as well as produce creative alternatives wh ich can either be simple or complex.One alternative is for BBC is to ignore the problem. By ignoring it, BBC can save money and time on implementations or changes but it can fall away the rest of its consumer loyalty or its ratings. In addition, management would not recognize modernization, new markets, new technologies, and the need for improved consumer interests. Furthermore, cost effectiveness would continue to be a problem as increased competition from digital, cable, and satellite channels continued to prosper. Lastly, by ignoring the situation the current employee disgruntlement would remain and turnover would continue to occur (Stevenson 70-73).This turnover is a true loss of talent and experience. In general, this alternative is not logical nor practical. In fact, BBC should develop alternatives which limit the growth of management, reorganize the structure, judge to overcome restrictions to their licensing fee agreement, focus on surveying what the consumer wishes to lis ten too, and determine what times to air their shows. Programmes could continue to be contracted out to get new and various coverage points and view points.Another alterative would be to have more in-house services or from the private sector in order to be financially more competitive. By tailoring their programming to what the consumer wanted and scheduling those programmes in the periods that consumers would watch, there would be an increase in ratings and audience figures. This general analysis and analogy of alternatives allows the company to brainstorm which best practice or solution is most effective. Financial number crunching and comparative analysis to other competitive firms would also be wise.At this point, BBC should select its best alternative. In this case, ignoring the situation is not practical. Deciding to continue with government handling is not proactive or financially secure. So, it should select to adhere to focus on increasing ratings and audience figures. Ext ernal consultants and internal representatives should hash out any such details about complying with the licensing fee agreements while focusing on modern complications and how to overcome them. By adopting a different method of funding to replace and subsidize its income, it can overcome these dilemmas.At this point in its decision making process, BBC would have to implement the decided upon alternative after having a report listing out the pros, cons, financial rewards, and financial pitfalls should it not do so. In addition, a SWOT analysis should be completed of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of proceeding with the alternative (Stevenson 70-73). The decision-making process for BBC does not end at implementing the final and chosen alternative. Instead, the company must monitor, critique, and evaluate the alternative as it is carried out to ensure that the results are being obtained.A little adjustments here and there can be made to guarantee the company is going in the right direction. Consumers can be surveyed, employee constructive feedback can be requested, financial reports should be comparing the quarters at all times, and management should be fully aware of all aspects. All in all, this is a very time consuming process which requires much awareness and preparedness for BBC. Question 4 Does Government policy constrain the ability of the BBC to respond to its situation in 2001? If so, explain how.It is obvious through the case study, that government policy is so constraining the ability of BBC to respond to its situation in 2001. This is occurring because there is a system of the licensing fee. BBC is dependent on the government of each period to determine if and how it is to continue its programming as well as how much funding is to be made available to it. As the political climate was favoring deregulation and a secrete market place, BBC found itself in a position where its license fee revenue was decreasing (Case Study, BBC). The company was being encouraged to consider venturing into commercial avenues in order to supplement its income while continuing to pay an extraordinary amount to continue to hold onto its license. These fees were continuing to increase each year, as multi-channel competition betwixt providers increased. Works Cited Case Study The BBC. BA in Business Studies Website Opta Creating New Businesses Case-Studies-Media. Retrieved March 29, 2007. http//www. opta. com/who_we_serve_casestudies_media_print. htm Stevenson, William J. Production and Operations Management. Fourth Edition. Von Hoffman Press. 1993

Ebay Problems in Asian Markets Essay

This paper will identify some of the reasons why E-Bay has problems in the Asian Markets as an meshwork auction provider. After examining articles from Philip Kotler and David Gertner as swell up as Moon Ihlwan among others, this paper will provide my answers roughly why did EBay want to expand world-widely as well as why any of these Asian nations wanted their business?It will explain some research explored about what types of Entry decisions the telephoner used in the Asian Markets. Utilizing the knowledge gained about the history of global business. Answering the question about the problems that EBay has in the Asian market will award me to discuss and apply concepts of the global market learned in module one in support of my answers. Lastly this correspondence will assess how EBays Marketing Mix assessment of the quartette Ps assisted them in the global market strategy the company adopted for the Asian Markets? wherefore did EBay want to expand globally and why did natio ns wanted their business?The reasons EBay break upd to expand globally were various and resulted in an overall loss for the San Diego, CA ensnargon company headed by the former CEO at the time and California Gubernatorial cornerstonedidate, Meg Whitman. Some of the decisions made and acted upon by the companys leading were akin to the way Meg Whitman ran her political campaign. Instead of researching the culture and traditions of the places they chose to do business and working on an image of being local or at least embracing local cultures and traditions they chose to feed issues with money.In Whitmans case borrow millions of dollars from herself to try to resolve the issue of losing as a candidate. Getting backward on subject, the countries that eBay chose to expand globally in, were kindred all nations ones that needed jobs. EBay sought the cheaper labor wages as a win-win situation for themselves or some instances the prognostic of a high level of success due to their bu siness reputation. Getting into the market was non difficult as the new market fell in line with what these countries wanted in ordered to develop their economies while in turn enhancing domestic quality of life for their citizens.EBay felt compelled to expand globally to go forward matched as the US domestic market share was becoming mature resulting in stagnant profits and overall growth. As all companies flavour to globally expand eBay was investing in Asia to increase profits by gaining a positive entry into this new market share however thither was no need to create a new market. The majority of the countries they chose had local internet auction industry established already.EBays ultimate goals were to introduce their hand auction business model at an international scale starting in places like Japan, mainland China and South Korea to take advantage of these nations emerging economies in order to increase wealth. Entry Decisions Through the struggles in gaining entry into these emerging market areas, EBay learned that they must adapt as well as embrace some of the new technologies and products notched by their competitors in the Asian domesticmarkets in order to be successful or at least competitive in the market.The beating they took in Asia was not justfrom Chinese and South Korean competition, but from two US based competitors in hick and Google. A currentdomestic alinement with Yahoo against the giant Google has not resulted in any increase in positive business in theglobal market share as Yahoo is keep to gain more shares of the market through its ventures with localcompetitors. EBay market entry decisions were integral to their failure in Asia.As ascertained from a case studypublished May 2008 about EBays Strategy in Japan 1, they entered the Japanese market late after Yahoo Japan had already established and failed to retain customers. It took them two historic period to concede the failure of the EBay Japan and instead of making a deal wit h local investors they finally folded in 2002. Ironically, in 2007 EBay made a deal with Yahoo Japan to share internet sites and products in Japan in a joint web site called Sekaimon 1.Their failures in Asia has eventually led to layoff of workers in countries like Taiwan and shutting down of several sites in Asia while rerouting customers to US based sites to maintain a virtual presence. In 2006 EBays South Korean venture Internet Auction was bested by a South Korean competitor named Gmarket whereas they equaled or eclipsed EBays profit share in South Korea that year. Gmarket in like manner produced innovating products to the internet auction industry such as making shopping via internet fun and using tie-in promotions.Excerpts taken from a Moon Ilhwan internet article in Business Week2, further explain the stiff competition EBay had in South Korea from Yahoo and the local upstart, Gmarkets business model places little emphasis on an open auction format than eBays. The company of fers goods that one can order at fixed prices, with an option to negotiate prices with a vendor on an exclusive basis. This allows buyers to conclude deals grossly instead of requiring them to wait until all bids are completed in open auctions and another tie in marketing program is a lottery called lucky auction.It gives buyers chances to buy allthing from LCD televisions to T-shirts at a fraction of the market value. A seller promoting an MP3 player, for example, invites consumers to bid for two of them at heart a given price rangeusually less than 10% of the retail price. Then Gmarkets computer picks two bids at random to decide the winners. Others visitors can buy the MP3 player at a special offer price. The seller attracts consumers, while Gmarket happily hauls in commissions.Another incentive at Gmarket is that retailers can offer online links to their own mini homepages within the site, issue discount coupons, run joint mileage points programs, and use an internal messeng er service called G-messenger for instant chatting with sellers. Some shops listed on the site have also drawn traffic by promising to donate 10 cents to a favored charity every time a product is sold 2Thus far EBay has attempted joint ventures and mergers to enter the Asian market share and has met negative results.This has had a negative essence on their overall performance to expense ratio in their stock valuation from 2000 thru the present time but has not deterred forethought from continuing to cope for a market share in Asia. An ongoing joint venture with Yahoo keeps EBay with a foot in the door of the foreign market and continues the strategic alliance against Google. EBay has expanded to Southeast Asia to see what they can obtain in Singapore, Malaysia and through operations in the Philippines. Currently they are doing promotional sites in Thailand and Vietnam to figure future profits in those nations as well.EBays use of the Four Ps in their marketing mix assessmentEBay s use of the Four Ps in their assessment of their global market strategy was regretful in Asia when in comparison to Yahoos success. Lost on the EBay leadership was the desire to be a part of the local market and sagaciousness cultural diversity of to each one Asian nation they wanted to establish a market. From my personal experiences going to countries such as Japan, South Korea, Guam, or the Philippines for business this is vital to earning shares of the Asian market and as a personal prospective as well.Yahoos co-founder, Yang is a male businessman of Chinese-Taiwanese descent which had to give Yahoo an edge in Japan, China and South Korea over EBays CEO at the time Meg Whitman who was female, Caucasian descent and unaware culturally of how to gain the confidence of local leaders and business persons. 3The product that EBay had to offer was nothing innovative to the Asian market as there was already a local variant of online auctions/internet industry thriving in Japan, China and South Korea.Timing and placement of EBays business model was late and over reaching as Yahoo already was established in each of the locations chosen and early profits resulted in a false analysis of future outcomes for EBay in Asia. Promotions used on the global EBay sites had advertising geared globally instead of locally which went ignored by local customers. More emphasis toward local advertising of domestic interests could have attracted and retained their customer base.Lastly, set of their product which was part of the business model was somewhat excessive and confusing. So when an upstart company like Gmarket introduces something simple like, fixed prices and special deals the customers internet shopping experience just became more simplified to use and less time to use resulting in a more desirable overall product than EBay was offering at the time. The EBay pricing system had customers waiting out the end of a bidding process which still did not guarantee the customer t he outcome desired if they were outbid.EBays managements inflexibility hindered the local managements ability to make decisions that would help them wee-wee more of the local market share and build from there in their own country and marketplace. 3 Discussion EBays ventures in expanding to a global market were incurred several surmountable challenges. As stated in the lesson the Asian market share is vital and profitable for many companies. As the research envisioned one of EBays primary challenges was completion at several levels global and local/domestic competitors all vying for a market share of the internet auction industry.EBay attempted to manage market entry problems long after their original business model was viable in the country, by adapting lowering or waiving fees for its work to keep up with the competition from Yahoo, Google, Chinese stall worth Internet Auction and South Korean upstart GMarket. EBay failed to incorporate some of the local expert innovations tha t likes of GMarket produced for its customer base such as, local advertising on the sites, fixed price so that internet shoppers could get what they were shopping for and not have to outbid others and wait for the outcome of who actually won/bought the products advertised.History was another problem for EBay, they did not study the culture and traditions of the places they chose to enter the market at. Cultural traditions and business practices are conversely different in China which operates under quasi-governmental entities, and Japan and South Korea where they operate under version of the Free Market concept. Along with not understanding Asian cultures the company did not attempt to adapt its global business model to the local market when incorporating its management and leadership philosophies to the region.This resulted in a management and leadership staff overseas that would not be capable of maturing as a team to meet the local demands of the market. Just being in the region did not give EBay the advantage they seemed it would, thus their own inflexibility and lack of foresight contributed greatly to the problems they are facing in the Asian market. To EBays character they have not thrown in the towel and have remained in Asia through joint ventures and are actually conducting promotion in Southeast Asia (Thailand and Vietnam) as well operations in Singapore, the Philippines and other places.

Action Plan for New Nivea in a New Market Segment

The improving economic conditions in various parts of the founding provide individual companies with commercialize opportunities that demand to be exploited completely. Some Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FCMG) manufacturers soak up already made this pretend whereas others are still concentrating on traditional highly positive economies. This paper illustrates how Nivea, the scratch up deal manufacturer, derriere exploit trade opportunities offered by the fast developing nations. The paper will specifically extrapolate on how Nivea can develop a wholly in the altogether skin vex product that would be marketed to specific market particles in the aforementioned nations.The first section highlights on external audit of the saucy market and product land site, whereas the second part provides internal audit. An action plan for two months before product launching and 12 months after the launch is illustrated throughout the paper. Part I External Audit The fast developing nati ons, especially in Asia, provides FCMG manufacturers with grand opportunity to expand orbicular sales. The past three decades fall in indeed seen disposable incomes in formerly poor countries s increase tremendously. China and India are the best example of countries whose inhabitants have experienced ever-increasing incomes.Higher incomes think of that Indians and Chinese are able to afford products that seemed to be luxury before. Skin care products fall in such category, nitty-gritty that Nivea has a honest market its product portfolio. The younger generation in both countries is especially the ones that Nivea needs to target. The growing taste of luxurious skin care products demands that Nivea embark on provideing products to this lucrative market segment. In addition, the company has to consider developing new products that are specifically designed for this generation and supplying products from traditional markets might not make significant impact.This market segment n eed products they can easily associate with, not just imports. develop a product specifically for the Asian market would therefore get better reception before competitors think of making a similar move. Customers in this market segment would take a pride in using product specifically developed for their uses, as the company reaps benefits through improved sales and market dominance. Nivea is not the only skin care product manufacturer eying the lucrative Asian market, as other global companies are making battery in the region (Haig 2006).A greater number of competitors are as well supplying imported products to this market segment, meaning that Nivea would be making the initial move of developing and marketing products for this new market. Nivea competitors in these markets can be classified into three groups. First is the group consisting of local manufacturers that have been in the business for more age. The availability of modern technology has enabled these local players to perfect several(prenominal) products to international. The perfection of respective products mean that indigenous companies are able of competing effectively and defend their market position.The second group includes international players with experience in other markets. This group is most competitive and indeed the one that Nivea should not ignore. The improving economic situation in the region will continue attracting more competition from existing firms. The third group includes companies willing to enter into the Asian lucrative skin care market. Nivea counsel should further consider that local and international companies could get into joint ventures that could be hard to out-compete. The company should therefore consider a similar approach.A joint marketing venture with local companies should especially be considered in the two months before the launch. This is in understanding that professionals working on local companies have better understanding on consumers and their n eeds (Riezebos, Kist & Kootsra 2003). PESTLE analysis Pestle Analysis is hereby used to illustrate externalities that Nivea will have to handle in the process of introducing new product in the market segment. These are the issues that the company has little control they components are discussed below in detail PoliticalThis factor refers to issues that may affect company operations and thence intromission of the new products into the new market segment. National or regional politics have lately determined trade issues in various parts of the world, including Asia. Senior management should therefore consider being informed on political policies that may affect future business. China and India have been on the forefront on the process of creating kind political processes for companies to establish operations (Pelsmacker 2006). Nivea is thus poised to benefit from friendly trade regime from the two countries.The company can even take advantage of improving investment opportunities in the region to aver therein and hence supply to other countries in the region as well as worldwide. The company will thus be creating a strong foundation for battle against local and international industry players. Economic This is among the driving factors leading to Niveas entry into the Indian and Chinese young adult market segment. Indeed, as expound earlier, this segment has been experiencing expanding disposable incomes that can be used to become Nivea customers.Just like in other countries, the expanding middle class in China and India are having influence over rest of society that would like to copy behavior (Kapferer 2004). Endearing Nivea products to the middle class would eventually see rest of population in the two countries becoming consumers. The region holds good fortunes considering that economic progress being experienced currently is poised to continue in coming decades. It is for this reason that Nivea should presume the opportunity of embarking on supplyin g new products in the Asian sub-market.Social This factor regards social sensitiveness that the company has to consider, especially before entering the market segments. This should especially be considered in the two months prior to supplying company products in the region. The social issues should further be considered when preparing for advertisements that must not be anger in any way. In addition, the target market should be able to connect with the product socially, which could include packaging and presentation. Having products connecting with people socially, or which tend to incite local culture would go a long way in endearing the new Nivea to target market.Any clash with the local culture and tradition could result to the company being out competed by other industrial players. Technological The technological factor refers to production and production processes used to manufacture products and after supply to consumers. Nivea management should in the two months before rol ling out the products ensure putting the technology in place. In addition, Niveas senior management should embark on being on the forefront of using modern technologies that would improve productivity.Embarking on taking this route would provide the company with long pack high productivity, meaning that only high quality products would be generated from Nivea. Relying on technology for continued quality improvement would result to more endearment with consumers in the region. focusing should thus embark on improving technology in order to keep improving. Environmental The environmental factor is hereby taken to mean issues affecting the industry as a whole. This especially includes the size of competition and the future of the industry.The number of competitors is a key determinant of competitiveness. Few players does not necessarily mean low competition as more companies can enter the industry in later time periods. Industrial effect on environment is also addressed in this fact or. Participants have to thus ensure reducing and totally eliminating the effect of operations on the environment, such pollution. Governments in various parts of the world have heavy fines and punishments to companies and individuals whose operations affect environment negatively.Companies have on the other hand embarked on reducing effects on environment as part of their corporate social responsibility (Bruhn 2002), which is something that Nivea should take seriously in China and India. Legislative This factor applies to government policies that could affect operations relating to production and supply of skin care products in respective jurisdictions. This is a factor that Nivea cannot in any way control. The company should be well prepared to deal with new legislations that could come before and after launching new products in the market.In addition, the responsible managers should embark on developing ways and means of coping with available changes that could come with new leg islations. Overcoming legislative challenges should form the key foundation for success in the market segments, considering positive relationship between the company regulatory regimen and consumers. Part II Internal Audit This second part highlights internal factors that Nivea can use to create strong foundation for success in the new market segments and its new product line. The company has been in the business of manufacturing and supplying skin care products since 1911 (Nivea 2008).The company has since expanded operations to umteen parts of the world, alone has in most cases supplied products manufactured for older market. Indeed, the current undertaking would be among few occasions that Nivea has embarked on developing new products for new markets. The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) Analysis below illustrates how the company needs to apply before, during and after launching. Strengths Niveas track record of manufacturing is among the strengths that will make market penetration in the new segment possible.Company products thus command a huge following in historical markets, which could be replicated in the new markets. The strength of going at greater lengths to meet consumer demands is best being applied in the Asian market through new products. This start by designing products that easily meet consumer skin care needs adequately. The second step is the organizational culture of getting customer feedback on all products, whether new or old in respective markets (Flapper 2005 Pecotich 2006). This allows consumers to express their concerns or satisfactions with the products.The target market in India and China would thus get opportunities to inform Nivea representatives on how the new products could be improved. The company can thus embark on improving the products in line with consumer demands and tastes. The long-term result is continued improvement of company products competitiveness in the lucrative Asian market. Weaknesses The entry into wholly new market segment with brand new products serves as the greatest weakness, considering that the company has certainly never had such undertaking in the region. on that point are few learning opportunities for the involved officials to get lessons.However, notes Keller (2006) Nivea has a history of turning weaknesses into business opportunities that have been exploited to the maximumthis should also happen with introduction on new products in the Asian sub-market, especially in the beginning stages. Opportunities The improving economic conditions in the fast developing Asian countries provide ripe market for Nivea skincare products. Ever increasing segment of the populations having more funds to spend on company products. Nivea should thus position itself in tapping into this lucrative market.In addition, the company should take advantage of the improving business environment in the region. China and India are increasingly becoming competitive in the internat ional arena, which has resulted to many companies setting operations there. Companies that have taken advantage of reduced operational costs. Nivea, too, should embark on setting foot in the two countries, and subsequently produce for local market and export to other countries. Threats Competition from local and international firms brings out major threats for Nivea entry into the new company.Local companies have for many years been able to perfect respective products to international standards (Hymes 2007). This has made them formidable competitors in skin care industry. New entrants therefore understand they are up against involved players. Naivea management further needs to consider that international skin care industry participants are also eying the same Asian market, which compounds competitive challenges. Bust as illustrated earlier, Nivea has had a history of outdoing competition on many fronts. Repeating this feat in China and India is thus more likely to happen.

Review of Origin of Brunists

Whenever something tragic happens, human beings look for a shelter to take since this is the way of taking away the pain. In sum to this pain, if their lives are dull and bitter, they will feel the need for something brightining to refresh their lives just like it happens in the novel, Origin of the Brunists by Robert Coover. In this novel, a coal exploit disaster occurs in which ninentyseven taprs pass away and only one miner called Giovanni Bruno succeeds to survive. After his being rescued, he uses phrases such as take in of Redemption and claims that he had seen Virgin Mary while he had been trapped in the mine.Because of his visions, he becomes a leader of a religious cult named as Brunists and he is viewed as a prophet by some townshippeople. As their lives are dull and bitter, they are in need of something to illuminate lives, which is the religious cult named as Brunists. In this novel, the origins of this religious cult and how its popularity are increased take place. T he novel begins with Brunists pilgramage to Mount of Redemption and their preparation for the abate of the World on the week extirpate of April. What they expect of End of the World is not obvious but might be The Final Judgement .For the preparation to pilgramage, members of the cult are to wear tunics and only white garments under(a) the tunics (Coover 15) of theirs. In the first chapter, events and impressions described are witnessed by the characters, Hiram and Emma Clegg, and there is indefineteness about(predicate) some events such as Marcella Brunos death. Since by miracle, Giovanni Bruno is sole survivor of the mine disaster and has visions of Virgin Mary, he is chosen for cult leadership by the townspeople who need new religious experiences.After Giovanni overcomes poisoning, his phrases such as Mount of Redemption are heard by townpeople. Besides this, there is a rumour among people that a white bird is seen in the mine in front the catastrophe. Because of all these, M rs Eleanor Norton who is a high school teacher asks Giovanni whether he is the One who is to come and he acknowledges this. According to his sister, Marcella Bruno, Giovanni may have been possessed by a divine spirit while trapped in the mine. Therefore, he is chosen as a leader of Brunists cult.One of the characters who needs something illuminating in her intent and has an influence over creation of the cult, Brunists is Eleanor Norton who is a high-school teacher. She has been fired from several workplaces and also loses her job at West Condon High School since she cannot give up incentive some of her students consisting of mostly boys to join in religious activities. Therefore, she and her husband, Wylie are compelled to leave many towns that they live in as people in the towns do not approve her interference with young male students.It can be said that Eleanor Nortons spiritiual longings take important place in the descriptoration of the cult. After Giovannis acknowledging tha t he is the one to come , the cult starts to form around him. Eleanor practices automatic writing in which she communicates with a spirit, Domiron who gives her secret messages and prophecies. Therefore, she is a dominant member of the group. Since the daily lives of the miners and the merchants in the town are tedious and hard, they believe in anything that offers to make their lives special.As their lives depend on chatting with each other, watching basketball games, submitting to the mine for economic survival, it is not surprising that Brunist movement which offers specialness will have followers. Owing to media, Brunists cult gains popularity and its popularity becomes nationwide. This movement in West Condon attract medias attention since it is little love that any movement waiting for the end of the world is covered by national newspapers and televisions.The person who first reveals actions of Brunists and sells these to national newspapers is the local journalist, Tiger mi ller, who is the owner of town newspaper. In order to get the legend of Brunists, he joins in the cult without believing it. While succeeding learning the story of them, he also fall in love with Marcella Bruno. Therefore, he tries to rescue her from the cult but cannot be successful since she is killed by a car while awaiting the end of the world with the group. Miller publishes so many things about Brunists that people in the town are split into its supporters and nonsupporters.Many West Condoners are embrassed by the actions of Brunists when they read the news about them on the newspapers. As a result, a group of people forms a group named Common Sense Committee trying to put an end to this cult. As a consequence, Origin of the Brunists by Robert Coover generally tells the story of a religious cult which is formed after Giovanni Bruno, only survivor of the mine disaster, achieves keep alive. Brunos visions, a white bird seen in the mine before the catastrophe, dull and hard liv es of the townspeople who need something new in their lives are led them to form a eligious group. This novel shows how people believe in something which a person makes up. Without questioning, they even consider someone as a prophet and wait for the end of the world though they do not know when the world ends. When they gather on the Mount of Redemption, they even beat and kick the journalist, Tiger Miller since their story becomes even international because of him. At the end of novel, the end of the world does not come and they cannot accomplish killing Tiger Miller.

Book Response : Elie Wiesel “Night” Essay

Rianna Welsh 622 Book Night by Elie Wiesel 1. Does the story have an clear theme? What is it? occasion at least 3 details from the story to support your answer. Yes, the book does have an denotive theme. There are many examples of the explicit themes .Some of the themes are * Death- Death was shown through the loss of loved ones, especially when Elie lost his entire family to the concentration camp. It was also shown through the hurtful torture that happened, and the decaying smell of deadened bodies penetrating in the prisoners noses. * Faith- Elies father told Elie to never lose his faith of his religion and that it would help him through everything that was bound to happen, and keep him strong. source Elie wasnt sure of his faith. He thought if there was a God, then why did he create the situation that they were in.* Hatred The Nazis acted with a lot hatred against the Jews, Gypsies, Ghettos, and many others who stood in their way. They killed and tortured because of hatred. The hate succeeded over all. 1. What point of view is the story told? What are the advantages of the chosen point of view? Use details from the text to support your answer. The point of view is told by Eliezer (a slightly fictionalized version of Elie Wiesel). Eliezer speaks in the first person and always relates to the autobiographical events from his perspective (point of view). He said Never shall I block that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed.Followed by him saying Never shall I leave that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke under a silent blue sky. Finally he finished by saying Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever. Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived me, for all eternity, of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul an d turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself.

Ergonomic Workstation

Computer Workstation Ergonomics INF 103 Computer Literacy Winter 2009 Computer Workstation Ergonomics As we pretermit increasing amounts of time at our tuition processing system workstation, we need to be awargon of how the design and arrangement of our equipment substructure impact our harbor, health, and productivity. WORK AREA The work argona should be large enough to accommodate you, leave behind the full range of motions involved in performing required travails, and return room for the equipment and materials that make up the workstation. Use a headset for lengthy or frequent tele bring forward work. Place the items you single-valued function most often at a time in front of you. Avoid overcrowding computer work beas. DESK/WORKSTATION Standard furniture displace non accommodate eachones needs. A taller person may need a one-time adjustment to have his or her work prove raised somewhat a shorter person may need a puff or other accessories. Adjustable furniture may be inevitable in situations where people share or utilise the homogeneous workstation. The desktop should be organized so that frequently used objects are close to the drug user to repress excessive extended reaching. The work surface should have a matte finish to denigrate genius or reflections. The area underneath the desk should always be tidy and clean to accommodate the users legs and pass on for stretching. If a fixed-height desk is used, add a keyboard tray that adjusts vertically to provide added adjustability. A footrest should be used if, after adjusting the height of the control, feet do not rest flat on the appal. Use a headset or speaker phone to avoid neck and shoulder discomfort if you use a phone frequently throughout the day. Place the phone on the side of your non-dominant hand (i. e. left side if make up-handed, right side if left-handed) Position your desk lamp (if you use one) so that it illuminates source documents without causing any glare on the computer privateness or direct visible radiation to your tendernessball. A document holder should be used if documents are referred to during keying. The document holder should Be stable and adjustable (height, position, distance, and angle of view). Support your document on all side of the monitor. Be at the same distance from your eyes as the display block out to avoid frequent multifariousnesss of focus and you should be able you to look from one to the other without moving your neck or plunk for.CHAIR ADJUSTMENTS Contrary to popular belief, sitting, which most people believe is untieing, is hard on the back. session for foresightful periods of time can endeavor adjoind pressure on the intervertebral discs the spongy discs between the vertebras. Sitting is also hard on the feet and legs. Gravity tends to pool blood in the legs and feet and create a torpid return to the heart. The chase recommendations can help increase comfort for computer users Dynamic sitti ng, begettert stay in one static position for extended periods of time. When performing daily tasks, leaf between sitting and standing or take blue walking rends throughout the day. The chair back should have a lumbar support Adjust height of dorsum to support the natural inbound curve of the lower back. It may be useful to use a straddleed towel, lumbar roll or cushion to support the low back. The angle of the back rest is subjective but the form and upper legs should form an angle between 90 to 115 degrees. Adjust height of chair so feet rest flat on floor oSit upright in the chair with the low back against the backrest and the shoulders touching the backrest. T lavishlys should be parallel to the floor and knees at about the same level as the hips. oBack of knees should not come in direct contact with the advance of the seat pan. There should be 2-4 inches between the edge of the seat and the back of the knee Arm rests should be removable and the distance between the arm rests should be adjustable. oAdjust height and/or width of armrests so they spare the user to rest mail at their sides and relax/drop their shoulders magic spell keyboarding. oDont use armrests to slouch. Also, chair arms should not oticeably elevate your shoulders or armament you to move your arms away from your body to use them. oElbows and lower arms should rest lightly on armrests so as not to cause circulatory or nerve problems. Use a footrest when attempts to adjust your chair and the rest of the workstation fail to keep your feet on the ground. Ensure that you have some distance (2-3) between the top of your thighs and the underside of your workstation. Have enough space under your work surface so that you can pull yourself all the way up to the edge of the desk with room for your legs and knees to fit comfortably. MONITOR one time the chair and work surface height are properly modify, the computer monitor should be located so the top of the screen is at or just below eye level when lay in an upright position. The following suggestions can help prevent the development of eye strain, neck hurt and shoulder fatigue while using your computer workstation Make sure the surface of the regard screen is clean. Adjust brightness and contrast to optimum comfort. Position the monitor directly in front of the user to avoid excessive twisting of the neck. User must position the monitor at a easygoing viewing distance, approximately 18-30 inches from the user. Position monitors at right angles from windows to subdue glare. Close window blinds as needed to reduce glare from sunlight. Position monitors away from direct lighter which creates excessive glare or use a glare filter over the monitor to reduce glare. Adjust the monitor tilt so that ceiling lights do not reflect on your screen. If a document holder is used, it should be fit(p) at approximately the same height as the monitor and at the same distance from the eyes to prevent frequent eye shifts be tween the monitor screen and reference materials. Get regular eye check-ups. Adjust as needed for larger screens. You may need to sit farther away and increase the font size to take full advantage of the larger screen. Bifocal and trifocal wearers have to pay peculiar(prenominal) attention to the placement of their monitor. Wearers of bifocals and trifocals often unknowingly tilt their heads backwards so they can read the screen through the lower portion of their glasses. This can sometimes lead to neck, shoulder, and back discomfort. Potential solutions include either lowering the computer monitor or purchasing glasses intentional specifically for working at the computer. KEYBOARDMany ergonomic problems associated with computer workstations occur in the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. Continuous work on the computer may expose soft tissues in these areas to repetition, awkward pushers, and forceful exertions, especially if the workstation is not set up properly. The f ollowing adjustments should be made to your workstation to help prevent the development of an ergonomic problem in the upper extremities initiatory adjust your chair as mentioned above, then with your arms resting comfortably at your side, raise your forearms to form a 90 degree angle with your upper arms. Adjust keyboard height so shoulders can relax and allow arms to rest at sides. An articulating keyboard tray is often necessary to accommodate proper height and distance. Position the keyboard directly in front and be close to the user to avoid excessive extended reaching. Forearms parallel to the floor (approximately 90 degree angle at elbow). Mouse should be placed adjacent to keyboard and at the same height as the keyboard. Avoid extended and elevated reaching for keyboard and mouse. The back of the wrist should be unplowed flat (in a so-so(p) position). Do not rest the hand on the mouse when you are not using it.Rest hands in your lap when not entering data. A overstate wri st rest provide help to keep your wrist in a straight and neutral position while typing and keep your arms off the sharp edges of the work surface. Do not rest your wrists or hands on a palm or wrist rest when you are keying. These rests are designed to provide support only during breaks from keying. The slope of the keyboard may need to be adjusted so that it is flat in order that your wrists are straight and not bent back while you are typing. Press the keys gently do not bang them or hold them down for colossal periods.Keep your shoulders, arms, hands, and fingers relaxed. If your work surface is excessively high and not adjustable, adjust your chair to bring your arms to the proper position. If you raise your chair make sure your feet are properly supported. MOUSE, TRACKBALL, OR OTHER insert DEVICE The mouse is present in virtually every office environment. Handed versions of mousses are designed specifically to the contours of either the right or left hand. Placing the mous e, trackball, or other foreplay device too far away, too low, or too much on one side can cause shoulder, wrist, elbow, and forearm discomfort.Placing the input device directly in your immediate reach zone offers natural comfort and maximum hand-to-eye coordination. Do not bend your wrist upward. Make sure you are sitting high enough for the workstation to be slightly below elbow height so that your hand rests naturally on the mouse. Moussing demands a certain level of surface stability if used on a keyboard tray, the tray should not lurch or tip. A trackball has an exposed ball that you manipulate with your fingers. It requires the use of different muscle and tendon groups than does a mouse, and can add variety to your manipulation of computer information.Some trackball designs, however, may cause discomfort and feasible injury to the area around your thumb, which stretches and reaches to maneuver the trackball. Test different models of mouses, trackball or other input devices. Consider the shape and size of the devices, how comfortably it fits into your hand, ease of operation, and any special features that might make your melodic phrase easier. In addition to the mouse and trackball, a variety of other input devices are available. Consider your task requirements and physical limitations. Touch prettifys allow you to move the cursor on the computer screen by exclusively gliding your finger across a small pad.Unlike mousses, trackballs, and other pointing devices, touch pads have no moving parts to clog or breaks, so they never require disassembly for cleaning. Touch screens allow you to point directly at an object. They require little or no training, are faster than other pointing devices, and require no extra work surface. However, the disadvantages of touch screens include arm fatigue, smudges, optical interference, and increased glare. vocalism input allows you to talk to your computer. Currently, such programs can understand and respond to natural speech delivered at order of up to 160 words per minute. Pen-like devices use pressure, light, electromagnetic disruption, or radio frequencies to enter and manipulate information through contact with the computer screen or a horizontal pad. A drop a aura pad requires about as much room on the work surface as does a mouse. If pen technology is used on a horizontal pad, a workstation must provide adequate non-glare light for both it and the computer screen. LIGHTING Lighting not suited to working with a computer is a major contributing factor in visual discomforts including eyestrain, burning or itching eyes, and blurred or double vision.The fervor in most office environments is too bright for optimal VDT screen viewing. The illumination may be reduced by removing 2 bulbs in a 4-bulb fluorescent fixture, removing the bulbs in every other fixture, or turning off overhead lights altogether. Supplemental desk lighting is better than overhead lighting for reading or printed copy. Use the following recommendations to reduce eyestrain and eye fatigue Close drapes/blinds to reduce glare. Adjust lighting to avoid glare on screen (light source should come at a 90 degree angle, with low watt lights rather than high). Avoid intense or uneven lighting in your field of vision. Place monitor at 90 degree angle to windows (where possible). Reduce overhead lighting (where possible). Use indirect or shielded lighting where possible. Walls should not be painted with a reflective finish. Use a glare screen or monitor shield to reduce glare from overhead lighting. WORK HABITS Repetitious static work (working at the computer) is very fatiguing on your upper extremities as well as your eyes. It is important that breaks from working at the computer be taken every 20 to 40 minutes in order for your body to rest and recover.Taking a short break (3 to 5 minutes) does not mean you have to stop working, other activities such as talking to a co-worker, making copies, filing, etc. co uld be done during breaks from typing. It is also important to change positions periodically. According to the Alexander Technique, you should change sitting or leaning positions every 15 minutes (Bailin, 13, http//www. netsci. org/Science/Special/feature01. html) Sitting in one position or leaning on your arms for an extended period of time can interfere with circulation. Laptop Computers NOTE IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT LAPTOP COMPUTERS ARE NOT RECOMMENDED AS PRIMARYCOMPUTERS. IN THE slur OR WHILE AT HOME, A DOCKING STATION IS RECOMMENDED TO PROVIDE ADJUSTABILITY WHICH WILL ENHANCE impersonal POSTURES. Computing Maintaining neutral postures will reduce stress and strain to the musculoskeletal system. Incorporate mini-breaks every 20 to 30 minutes to break up repetition and static postures. Maintain a comfortable viewing distance from your screen about 18-30 inches. Keep your head and neck in a neutral posture avoid excessive neck flexion or rotation. Angle the screen so that it is p erpendicular to your line of sight, if lighting permits. Position the keyboard at elbow height, and keep your wrists straight while keying. Experiment with table height, chair height and keyboard angle to maintain neutral wrist postures. Remember if you raise your chair use a footrest to support your feet. When seated your hips should be slightly higher than your knees. If you are seated in a side chair or couch, use a pillow to support your arms while keying. This will help you maintain neutral arm, wrist, and hand postures. Attach an external mouse instead of using the small constricted touchpad or trackball. Clean the screen regularly using appropriate antistatic cleaning materials. The hands and wrists should be kept in a straight wrist posture when typing and should not be resting on a pal rest, table, or lap while typing. Wrist and palm rests are designed to provide support during breaks from typing. Transporting the Computer Keep these ideas in mind while carrying your laptop from place to place happen unnecessary baggage from your briefcase the less demand placed on the body the better. Carry your laptop in a case with a padded shoulder strap and handle. Frequently shift hands or shoulders to balance the load. Use a wheeled luggage cart when possible.

The Beatles: the Greatest Band of All Time?

The Beatles The greatest Band of All Time? By Erin Bozone Ask everyone. Read any music magazine. Go to any store. The Beatles are everywhere because of the legendary contri simplyions they made to musical history and pop culture. They are frequently referred to as the greatest band of all time. But were they really? In this paper, I will compare and strain two conflicting opinions on The Beatles Howard Goodalls documentary 20th Century Greats The Beatles and Piero Scaruffis written reproach on the band.I began reading Scaruffis web-based criticism, and despite being fore-warned of his unpleasant disposition, found its cynical and loathsome positioning to be unpleasant to read. Throughout the entire piece of writing, Scaruffi never ceased his constant verbal attack on The Fab Four, mercilessly calling them mediocre and more often than not uncreative musicians. He numerously accuses them of shameless imitation of other groups. He makes it very clear that he yet believes The Beatl es achieved their colossal fame due to extreme luck and precisely being at the right place at the right time.They arrived sound as the white plaza class were beginning to feel untrustworthy of the African-American- setd Rock and Roll. They emerged out of nowhere with a polished and unexciting version, stripped of its black roots that was more appealing and erased the idea it was a bad influence on the youth of the time. Scaruffi doesnt believe The Beatles to be as world-shatteringly revolutionary as every star other person on the face of planet Earth does, bluntly stating that Their music was except uncomplicated to sell to the masses nd they were photogenic. Scaruffi credits their immense success not to musical ability, but to the fact that they were sellable, appealed to a broad audience, and had an infinitely accomplished producer. Scaruffi knows that George Martin was acutely influential on The Beatles musical choices and techniques. He gets this right, although is cruel in his implied beliefs that none of the Beatles themselves contributed a single thing. I believe that he is unfair stating primarily that The Beatles are ntalented and un sure. I believe this could maybe be applied to the shallow, simple music they were creating early in their career, but to say that overall they didnt contribute anything at all wonderful is untrue. Over the suddenly decade, they created, experimented and expanded so much that it is practically unfathomable. He does, however, offer slight praise of some elements of their later on works such as Rubber Soul, Revolver, and Sgt.Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band and in truth so. After Scaruffis dismal, cutting composition, I warmly welcomed Howard Goodalls Documentary 20th Century Greats The Beatles. I expected a much more adoring view that would better match my own opinions and that would generally be pleasant to watch. I was sadly mistaken. First of all, Goodall insists on singing the songs himself and only occasiona lly plays the original recording, which was unimaginably irritating to me, at least.And not only was Goodall incessantly annoying as a narrator, he blindly worships The Beatles while offering useless information. The entire documentary describes in minute detail just about the musical techniques that The Fab Four used to revolutionize music, when really they had no idea they were even use them as they were writing the songs. The only person who wouldve had an idea they were using these fancy tactics accidentally would be George Martin. I did not hear Goodall mention George Martin once and if he had, it must have been in passing.The only thing that Goodall got subscribely right was the fact that they were brilliant at translating their feelings into music while virtually having no idea what they were doing musically, and that they did, indeed, change music forever. My own personal opinion, I think, would be somewhere in the exact middle between these two polar opposites. I love t he music that The Beatles have created and think they were just spectacularly wonderful, but I also am able to recognize that a large part of their brilliance was also contributed by George Martin and I accept that.I think the most impressive thing about The Beatles as a musical group is how much they accomplished. In just 10 years, they created so much. The preposterous amount of material the created is staggering. And all while experimenting, re-inventing techniques and making them their own, growing, learning, changing and finding themselves within the music is just mind-blowing and inspiring. Works Cited Goodall, Howard, dir. The Beatles. Howard Goodalls 20th Century Greats. Channel 4 2004. Television. Scaruffi, Piero. The Beatles. www. Scaruffi. com. N. p. , 1999. Web. 29 Nov 2011. .

El-Al Marketing Analysis

El-Al grocery storeing abbreviation El-Al grocery storeing Analysis Table Of Content Chapter 1 Introduction Executive summary4 Bibliography 5 Chapter 2 An every last(predicate) overview of the confederacy Overview of the kind club.. 6 History.. 7 exposition of the patronage.. .. 8 Chapter 3 An analysis of the familiaritys business purlieu Firms industriousness and macro surroundings. .. . .. 9 The PEST Model. .. 10-12 The industries matched situation using Porters 5 Forces.. . . . 13-15 Market segmentation. . . 16-17 ELALs Attractiveness . 17 Chapter 4 The keep comp eachs Marketing Overview Mission Statement, Objectives and determine.. 18 Marketing Mix (Four Ps).. 19 SWOT Analysis. 0 ELALs important problems 21 Chapter 5 Recommendations and compendious Is the Companys Marketing Mix in tune with its marts and its objectives? 22 Solutions to ELALs main problems.. . 22 Summary and Conclusions . 23 Appendix 1 Boeing. 24 Appendix 2 calculate Sharing .. . 25 Cha pter 1 Introduction Executive Summary 1. ELAL is the leading respiratory tract in Israel.In the past it was a governing owned confederacy until privatization commenced on two hundred3. 2. ELAL owned several dozen aircrafts, which ar used for inter subject and recently national fledges as well. 3. ELAL hires thousands of employees and has several subsidiaries as well. 4. ELALs narrative is defined by the ideal of being the deem wholeness airline for passengers from and to Israel. ELAL is constantly walking the thin line regarding the policy-making status quo. ELAL confines its spiritual caboodle by keeping the Shabbat on mavin legislate, and losing capability revenues by doing so.This narrative is implemented in the digest of ELALs marketing agendum, ever claiming that it is Israels national confederation and by launching numerous patriotic campaigns. As plane section of this agenda, ELAL serves kosher food for thought as default. 5. ELAL is in a satisfying fina ncial situation. ELAL is growing constantly revenues, subscriber line value, ROE and net value be growing in a healthy manner. The companion survived impressively the latest financial crises. 6. ELAL prices its races relatively double-ticket(prenominal), chaping the passengers non-compromising earnest, rubber eraser and overhaul standards.As part of this agenda, ELAL keeps its technology in a state of the art level, using young and improved American planes. 7. ELAL broadens transparent and non-transparent service, such as constant vaporizeer benefits on one hand and recruit-share agreements on the some other. ELAL could hide its dis emoluments by exploiting the benefits that globoseization offers, with violence on international collaboration and pass combined run to its clients such as hotels, car rentals and others. 8. ELALs received and future ch eachenges leave alone be defined and influenced by the constant entrance of national and international competito rs.ELAL bequeath throw to emphasize its advantages, maintain its technical and marketing numbers. Bibliography http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/El_Al http//www. bizportal. co. il/shukhahon/bizcompbaalsump. shtml? p_id=1087824&am pc_id=1152 http//www. elal. co. il/ELAL/Heasbrew/States/ ecumenic/ . http//www. elal. co. il/NR/rdonlyres/2D943294-0735-4E30-9C7C-9FCDA40B23E7/0/FactSheet20092final. pdf http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=8nPXttPmNE0 Chapter 2 An overview of the order Overview of the company EL-Al (hereinafter the company) is one of the greatest Israeli symbols. It was one of the most famous trademarks of the sm only state.The companys story intertwined with Israels origins. The company is operating in a national state of mind, aiming towards patriotic emotions based on the Israeli narrative of pride, safety and security. The company markets and considers itself as a national service offerr, submitting itself to the whims and needs of the country. Not once the company has be en involved in security or social operations (the joint confidential operation of considering Ethiopian Jews to Israel), even in the price of losing money (i. e. non zaping on the Shabbat), all in order of keeping the image of the national company.The company traditionally meshd international fleeings alone, and lately it operates domestic ones as well. The companys headquarters and mother- drome are located in Israels international airport Ben-Gurion. The company has evolved and changed throughout the years, and has varied its basic definition from a government organization to a private company. The privatization has been complete mid-2000s (that is less than 50% of company shares are kept in by the government). The 2nd decade of the 21st century leave behind colored by security issues, ever growing emulation and the continuation of the privatization process.It entrust be the first decade in the companys history that it will fox to deal with strong competition over the Israeli customers, since the monopoly is finally over. EL-Al will have to adapt, and has already started, to a ruthless combative market. This paper will deal with the companys strategies and marketing agenda and status. History EL-AL Israel airways LTD. was incorporated and became Israels official airline company on November 1948. The company was incorporated as a national company fully owned by the government. The companys fleet was based on second hand American fabricate woodworking planes.In the first couple of years the company made only mercantile passenger flights, and since 1950 it commenced cargo flights as well. The D. N. A of the company was heavily influenced by the semipolitical scene in Israel, creating an ongoing non-Sabbath momentary and kosher food serving. One more than influence that helped to position the companys image in Israeli society was patriotic and historical flights bringing Jewish communities to the refreshful-fangled states, from Arab countri es and India. One memorable flight was the one bringing Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann.In the mid 50s EL-Al conducted two several actions transatlantic flights and the purchasing of British airplanes. Later on a purchase of Boeing 707 was made. On 1960, for the first metre, EL-Al became profitable. The 60s were a boffo decade for the company, growing from year to year and demonstrating respectable financial figures. The good fortune of the company commenced at the end of the 60s. Security issues were magnified cod to several terrorist attacks. EL-Al took some adventurous decisions, starting with the purchasing of expensive Boeing 747 aircrafts.The latter purchase was too expensive for the short run, as expenses exceeded revenues in a large magnitude. On top of things, due to inner political reasons EL-Al suffered strikes and some other political influences (see chapter). The most outlined aftermath of the 80s was the collapse of the iron screen, revealing a wide spread bundle of new flight destinations. The 1990s were a decade of coming changes, as privatization voices started to be heard. These voices were boosted thanks to the uprising charter flights and decreasing numbers of phaetons in Israel.Another major(ip) negative effect was the 25% increase in fuel prices. The uprising competition and environmental changes forced the company to tend towards the inevitable step of privatization. The privatization of EL-AL commenced in 2003. 15% of the company was offered to grease ones palms in the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. This process protracts as more and more shares held by the government were sold to the commonplace. Definition of the business EL-AL is a publicly traded airline company. It is traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE). EL-AL fork outs international and domestic flights.It also provides shipping services and touristic ones as well. General Details The company owns a 37 aircraft fleet, all manufactured by Boeing (737,747,757,767,777). The company flies to 38 non-stop service destinations worldwide and has 440 weekly departures. The company employs 5,847 workers and is one of the biggest in Israel in that factor. The company has business relationships in the form of code-share agreements () and domestic service touristry providers. The company has a frequent bank note club. The company conducts its financial reports by IAS 34, and has adopted the IFRS international code.The company is owned by several owners besides the public, and some of its owners are investment houses. The full control list is as follows The company has increase its equity from 2010 q2 to q3 by 51. 65%, its revenues by 12. 57%, ROE by 81. 81% and net income by 186%. Chapter 3 An analysis of the companys business environment Firms industry and its macro environment The business environment in which ELAL is performing is the civil international air creator arena from and to Israel. Political environs The company competes with other 103 fl ight companies that work within the Israeli territory.ELAL, which started as a governmental company, worked and button up working harmonise to the government decision since 1977, this decision, determined that ELAL will not work or fly neither on Shabbat nor on Jewish holidays and on that pointfore it does not fulfill its maximum revenues potential. ELAL is the leading aviation company that works within the Israeli territory flying in and out of Israel. companionable environment ELAL owns several subsidiary companies, which deal with a flesh of complementary goods and services for the aviation world.One its main fields is cheap flight to Europe operated by the subsidiary company San dOr, which in 2009 increased its revenues by 2%, comparing to the previous year. Another major field is the food industry provided by the subsidiary company Tamam & Burenstein Catering. This company deals with producing and supplying food to airplanes controlled by ELALs management. ELAL has galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) more subsidiary companies in the following areas renting flight supplies, transportation of cargo and maintenance, selling vocation free products and converting currencies during its flights.Seasonal changes in this area and the fact that the world is becoming a global colonisation forces ELAL to adjust itself to a hostile and competitive business environment. It obligates ELAL to recognize new niches in the market, following continuity in finding new company skills, receipts in existing ones, and adjusting human resource. These factors can bring ELAL to be a leading company with a competitive advantage that will keep it leading of its competitors. The PEST Model Political * ELAL, as a governmental company that was privatized (2005) still relies on political decisions affecting its business choices.One of the best examples is that the company was anchored in the Government Companies Law. As a result, in that respect is a consistent political intervention when referring to taking business actions. A few years ago, ELAL had to mold whether to stick with one airplane supplier the American Boeing (Appendix1) and to renounce the European airplane supplier Airbus. afterward examining the business aspect, it decided to equip itself with the Airbus airplanes due to their more attractive price and cheaper maintenance costs. However, in 2004 the U. S. overnment pressured the Israeli government (ELALs owner back then) into working exclusively with Boeing and therefore ELAL did not have any other choice but to do just that. * Until 1992, ELAL flew seven days a week until a political decision was made to prohibit flying during Shabbat and Jewish holidays. As a consequence, ELALs operable time decreased by 15%. In fact, after 2005 when the company was privatized, it was decided that even though they were no obligated to do so, ELAL would keep the Status-Quo by respecting the Shabbat law (a strategic way to gain unearthly publ ic adherence). Israel is geographically located in one of the problematic areas in the world, surrounded by hostile Arab countries. As a consequence, ELAL is forced to extend its flying course to its different destinations. The fact that Israel does not have good relations with many countries in the world, limits ELALs destinations. Moreover, the delicate security situation in Israel forces ELAL to consume excessive security examinations within Israel and overseas. This security policy creates a massive cost to the company. As a result, today ELAL is well- fuckn for its security achievements.Economical * The Global Village the world is becoming a big global village. People are flying more and more, from and to many defines. As a consequence of improvement in financial opportunities and shorter flight duration, they divide their vacations into many small vacations during the year. This economical factor brings to abundance in the financial situation in general and in the flying i ndustry in particular. Nowadays ELAL is commission on international destinations being affected by the world wide economical changes, such as dying financial crisis in 2007. The competition with many other flight companies is growing intensively. ELAL must ride action in order not to fail in the competition, usually this means either to unhorse prices drastically or reduction operating expenses. * There is an ongoing decrease in the incoming tourism for the last decade. Due to security and political situation in Israel, many tourists prefer either to fly with foreign companies or not to fly to Israel at all. According to statistics, in 2009 2M tourists visited Israel, a decrease of 6% from 2008. * Increase in gasoline prices had raised ELALs flight tickets prices by 5% to 10%. Social The financial recession was supposed to decrease the financial options to the public and so decrease the amount of Israelis change of location abroad. Nevertheless, there has been a large increase in Israelis travelers overseas at about 10% a year. This fact shows the change in Israeli consumption habits. It seems the Israeli, men and women, have more free time than ever which allows them to plan their leisure time. * The climate in Israel enables worldwide tourism to come to Israel in all seasons. The night life is longer and safer than many other places in the world tourists who visit Israel enjoy this social freedom. The value of life and death is quite different in Israel due to struggle for survivor. Security and safety are precise important and are overvalued by the customers and ELAL has a reputation regarding these issues. * Environmental awareness *** nows social trend is to be green and clean. ELAL collaborates and support many green organizations and encourages youth into creating new green-tech. This promotes ELAL as an environmental friendly company while increasing publics adherence. * Kosher food one of ELALs largest audiences is the Jewish religious peop le.Their use up is for kosher food and ELAL is one of the only companies which provide such an option. ELAL is genuinely tolerant to this public and therefore it gives a competitive advantage. Technology * ELALs airplane equipment is more sophisticated, its activation is cheaper than ever, expenses are bring low and the personal service within the plane technologically pert is a step ahead from many other companies. The race over the heart and pocket of the number customers brings ELAL into a major efficiency while decreasing the market price. ELALs website in the era of profits ELAL began to sell tickets through its website and its entire marketing propaganda took few steps further. In the long run, the website exposes the audience to genuinely important and relevant details that are handier. This obviously minimized the number of flight agents while transforming them into tourist advisors. The revolution of the customer service is relying now on the innovation in technolog y. This improves the commercial interaction among company and the customer. The industries competitive situation using Porters 5 Forces The threat of the entry of new competitorsELAL owns the largest market segment in the Israeli aviation field and therefore it has to create many bars to use up new competitors. The company accomplished that by having full control over a mixed bag of goods and services such as transporting passengers and baggage, a variety of destinations and high security level. There are many factors that trifle it difficult for other competitors to enter the market * Initial investment in order to found a new aviation company, it is necessary to have sufficient capital for buy airplane navy and technological infrastructures.Moreover, there is a large depreciation over the equipment this field. The maintenance of an airplane company can sometimes appear to be luxurious one but not necessarily a profitable one. * elicit costs jet fuel costs are 50% out of t he operational cost. * Legal barrier flight companies are responsible for licensing and employees training in order to keep the pilots and technicians qualified. * Economic factor- the aviation industry is one of the first to be affected from financial crises and can easily be exposed to bankruptcy.For instance, the last financial crisis in 2007 made major decrease in the tourism industry and therefore the demand for flying decreased and many aviation companies went bankrupted over the world. * Aviation Clubs in the last decade, aviation companies have created clubs in which encouraged passengers to fly with certain companies by gaining points and getting free tickets to fly within special companies. This created a huge barrier for new companies which indirect requested to enter the market. The competition in this field is very intense and competes on passengers benefits, flight courses, and variety of destinations and level of service.ELALs strategy for combating this competiti on is 1. Flexibility in scheduling flights according to different seasons and international events (holidays, Olympic Games, sport events, high season-low season, etc. ) 2. Increasing flight frequencies to popular destinations by increasing the number of co-sharing flights (cooperation with other companies). 3. A consistent improvement of services within the flight, especially the comfort of the seats, quality of food and entertainment during flights. Most of the focus goes to First Class. 4.Frequent flyer club ELAL has found a club in which it compensates its member with highly valued benefits like seat-upgrading, flight tickets discounts, etc. 5. Promoting them through worldwide advertisement. The dicker power of customers (buyers) The customer thrives to push prices down and quality of services up. The power of the customer depends on the added value he gives to the company. The option to choose from a large variety flight companies is a threat to ELAL. A constant recession can decrease the loyalty of one customer to a certain aviation company because some other companies will offer lower prices.In this case, he will obviously choose the cheaper company to fly with. The bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers is different from the bargaining power of the customers. The suppliers push prices up while decreasing quality of their products and services. ELAL is very much affected from the competition existing in the field and depending on its suppliers that would make it difficult for ELAL to maintain the level of their service quality and competitive prices. Many of ELALs suppliers have exclusivity in their field and the friendship that they have, made them powerful against ELAL.The fact that many of ELALs suppliers are also it subsidiaries, increases its profitability and neutralizes the bargaining power of these suppliers. However, the aviation field has two main suppliers (that are not subsidiaries to ELAL) jet fuel suppliers and airplanes suppliers. In Israel there are only a few jet fuel suppliers whereas abroad the suppliers are many, and the decision of buying fuel from one supplier depends on price and not on an exclusive supplier. Aviation companies in Israel have a weak bargaining power against fuel suppliers as a consequence of political issues that affect the price of fuel.There are two main airplane suppliers in the world the American Boeing and the European Airbus. ELAL has on its behalf airplanes made by Boeing only, as we mentioned earlier due to American pressure over the Israelis in the days when the company was owned by the government. This kind of relationships amid governments created a dependency on one supplier with a high level of bargaining power in a market which is limited in the first place. The threat of substitute products or services ELAL offers its customers a variety of unchanging destinations all over the world.Moreover, through its subsidiary San Dor, ELAL offers a variet y of flights to seasonal destinations flying on weekends and holidays. Goods and services given in parallel fields are called substitute products. These products have a major power influencing management decisions due to the possibility the customer will decide to put his money in another company (in another substitute product). A substitute can demolish a company. A substitute product for Aviation Company like ELAL is the low cost aviation companies as EasyJet, Arkia Express, etc.These companies reduce flight tickets prices (30-50 Euro) by charging only for the flight itself and any other service is being paid extra (luggage, food, drinks, etc. ). ELAL invests millions of dollars in a good and full service that will bring its customers to their destiny. The price factor sometimes defeats the comfort and the quality of service and leads to harming ELAL profitability. The intensity of competitive contestation The aviation industry has many leading companies all over the world, where each one strives to have a epoch-making differentiation which will attract customers hearts and pockets and enlarge their market segment.Barriers to exit ELAL have code sharing with many foreign airlines (Appendix2). As a result, it has full access to internal information of these companies, which enables it to know about the activity of its competitors. Similarly, ELALs delicate information is accessible for its competitors. If ELAL decides to breach the code-sharing with the other companies, its future is lost (ELAL may decide the barriers to exit are too significant and will be forced to continue the code-sharing).As previously mentioned, ELAL has many share-codes with foreign airline which its customers and employees can fly with (with same conditions they would have got from ELAL). This sens provides full accessible information of flight and price on-line. This accessibility improves ELAL profitability. Target Market Potential Market Addressable Market Target Market Potent ial Market Addressable Market Total Market Total Market Market segmentation Macro segmentation Total Market A collection of people sharing the same characteristics that cause them to have similar needs to fly from one place to another.Potential Market Men and women, all ages, with no restriction to fly (pregnancy, heart patients, etc. ), who ask to fly from one place to another. Addressable Market Men and women, all ages, with no prohibition to fly (pregnancy, heart patients, etc. ), who want to fly from and to Israel. Target Market Men and women, all ages, with no prohibition to fly (pregnancy, heart patients, etc. ), who want to fly from and to Israel and can afford it. People who live geographically close to ELALs destinations. Micro segmentation potential audience Business * Age 30-70 years old. cable Business men and women who have international businesses. * Lifestyle Usually Frequent Flyer members who fly on behalf of their companies. A population who usually flies in Business and First Class. Pleasure * Age 13to 18 family trips 21 to 30 backpacking, vacations and trips. * Occupation Students and families. * Lifestyle Due to the variety of ages in this segment, there are all kinds of lifestyles (with average+ income). Religion The Jewish religious businessmenfamily members from all over the world choose to fly ELAL due to its policies regarding kosher food and respecting Shabbat.This is a very dominant sector among ELAL customers and therefore ELAL treats this segment with delicacy and tries to be as religious oriented as attainable. ELAL strives to be as least mass marketed as possible by approaching its different segments that we mentioned separately. Nevertheless, its last commercial advertisement with Omri Casspi, approaches all three segments by arousing the mind of Zionism among all. This is an emotional commercial which emphasizes that ELAL is the leading national airline in Israel. ELALs AttractivenessELAL is in the business of civil international aviation arena from and to Israel. It is quite straight forward that the overall industry draw does not apply that every firm in the field will double back the same profitability. Firms are able to apply their core competence, businesses model to achieve a profit above the industry average. afterwards examining Porters five forces, we analyzed ELALs attractiveness within its industry. Backward vertical integrating dealing with supplier bargaining power ELAL acted wisely when buying most of its suppliers and neutralizing their power.However, when considering the industry, most of the money is in the jet fuel industry and airplane suppliers. If ELAL could buy these suppliers, it would have a huge competitive advantage among its competitors. Nowadays, ELAL does not have the means to buy such companies (like Boeing) and we would not suggest doing so. Forwards vertical integration Nowadays, ELAL does not control its customers but rather the customers choose ELAL. ELAL has the option of buying tourists companies (such as Ista), online purchasing flying tickets companies (such as netravel. com).By doing so, ELAL can increase its profitability and customer flow. The fact that tourist-agencies are becoming old-fashioned, more and more people are buying flight ticket via websites, ELAL could create a significant competitive advantage by buying these sites. This would obviously make ELAL more attractive above the industry average. level integration As we mentioned in the threat of substitute products or services, ELAL main threat is the low-cost companies that offer cheaper prices by offering only the flight itself with no additional services. This product is targeted to a segment which ELAL has not addressed yet.These clients seek for short flights within Europe or the U. S. with the most attractive price. Nowadays ELAL does not offer such product and by merging with such low-cost company, they would probably increase its profitability and addressed a new unutilized market segment. Chapter 4 The Companys Marketing Overview Mission Statement, Objectives and Values ELAL has set many targets, which the main one is to operate as an integral part in the global aviation competitive world, while keeping its uniqueness as an international airline company of Israel. In addition, ELAL is defining the following goals 1.Uncompromising level of service 2. First priority safety and security of the passengers 3. investiture in its employees high level of training, focus on their welfare in order to promote the companys success. Happy employees = successful company. 4. Promoting profitability by innovation and initiative, maximizing shareholders wealth. 5. Be an integral and significant company in the international aviation world, while keeping it uniqueness as the Israeli national leading airline. 6. Prioritizing the destinations according to profitably and customer demand. 7. Maintaining only new airplanes. . Efficiency and saving retire ment plans, reducing the number of offices overseas. ELAL defined the aforementioned goals as part of ELALs 2010 project and is going to achieve these goals by implementing its vision. ELALs vision * To lead the aviation market in Israel and to be the first choice for all customers traveling to and from Israel. * To be a winning, profitable and successful commercial company that excels in all areas of activity. * To provide the highest level of uncompromised quality service, for the benefit of its customers, employees and share holders.Marketing Mix (Four Ps) The marketing mix is the faction of several techniques that are bring used in order to achieve marketing strategy and goals. proceeds * Products ELAL offers the service of national and international flights. * Variety of products Different levels of services Economy class, Business class and First. * serve ELAL is very service oriented. It offers its client a high level of service starting even before flight purchasing t ickets online, express online check in, luggage pick up, duty free on board, linger and Frequent Flyer Club. Pricing ELAL does not attempt to be a low cost company and therefore its prices cannot compete with such companies but rather with full service flying companies. It is known that ELALs tickets are not cheap but whoever chooses to fly with ELAL knows he will get a return on his money. * Frequent Flyer members receive free upgrades and free ticket according to their mileage. * ELAL spontany a new service ELAL offers is the last minutes flights with lower prices. This is oriented for spontaneous people who dont want to settle for service but do not want to spend much on the ticket. onward motion * ELAL promoted itself via a various media means TV commercials, outdoor adds, Newsletters for its club members, collaboration with credit card companies which offer ELALs points * ELAL promotes itself as the national Israeli airline by being the official transporting airline to publi c organizations (like the Israeli football delegation) and well known personalities (like the President). Place * ELALs destinations are wisely chosen according to demand. It operates in international and principal airports accessible to many other destinations. SWOT AnalysisStrength * A variety of services and goods (Fun Day, ELAL Spontany) that enables to attract many segments in the market. * ELAL is an international brand in the field of security and safety. * Kosher food and respecting Shabbat. * Many corporations with other international airlines. * Only one airplane supplier. Weaknesses * Does not operate on Shabbat and on holidays. * Unstable security situation in Israel reduces number of customers. * mettlesome prices relatively to the market. * ELAL does not maintain constant collaboration with agencies abroad and loses potential market. Geographically Israel is located between hostile countries which extends the flight courses and enlarge the duration of the flights, in crease fuel expenses, etc. Opportunities * ELAL e-ticket purchased online saves time and money and enlarges potential clients. * ELALs high reputation reduces advertisement expenses. * ELALs website is a commercial platform which reduces advertisement expenses. Threats * lower-ranking cost companies offering cheap flying tickets. * As the Israeli national airline, ELAL is exposed to terror attacks on its airplanes. * The increasing prices of fuelELALs main problems Keeping the Status Quo ELAL does not operate on Shabbat and holidays. The company loses 15% of operational time due to its commitment to the status quo which allows other companies to enjoy ELALs customers. Expending variety of services ELAL is exposed to a severe competition with low-cost companies. Such companies offer flights with no other extra services, airplane as an transporting mean and no more than that. Chapter 5 Recommendations and Summary Is the Companys Marketing Mix in tune with its markets and its obj ectives?We find the companys marketing mix in tune. The company provides its products in relatively high prices. Following the latter, the prices are a derivative of security and social aspects as described. The company pays relatively high salaries in order to obtain the level of service. Although privatized, the company maintains its objective to be the national company of Israel, first by slogans and continued by ads and commercials i. e. the latest commercial staring NBA player Omri Casspi, who is, as ELAL wants to be, a national pride and patriotic icon.ELAL has a much focused hub-oriented hub airport destinations, which are by definition very attractive ones. Solutions to ELALs main problems Keeping the Status Quo Solution On the one hand, if ELAL decides to break the status quo, it can realize its potential market and become equal to its competitors and even create an additional competitive advantage. On the other hand, this delicate issue can create antagonism among religiou s passengers who are a dominant factor to ELAL. This is a problematic situation which still should be considered in order to maximize ELALs profitability.Expending variety of services Solution ELAL should examine the option of offering this kind of service in order to provide its customers a larger variety of services. For example, ELAL can operate a weekly flight to various destinations according to the low cost policy. By entering such a market, ELAL could enlarge its segment markets. This kind of decision could have a positive effect but also damage ELALs reputation. Summary and Conclusions As a small state, Israel does not have many commercial or social icons.Maccabi Tel Aviv, high tech and the Dead Sea are few that could be mentioned. ELAL is another one. As part of the Israeli pathos, ELAL played an important power in Israels short history. ELAL has evolved from a national owned company with all that entails (unions, heavy politics, non-profit environment etc. ) to a profitab le and role model airline. ELAL determined a strategy based on the evolving and more competitive environment most it and thrives for profit maximization as well as keeping its image as the national airline in Israel.To do the latter, ELAL determined prices, strategic agenda and image by the aforementioned guidelines. The future will tell whether ELAL would be able to deal with the challenges of tightened security, growing competition and ever changing political environment up to now, it seems to be on the right track. Appendix1 Boeing *Boeing 737 700 800 Total in service11 2 eye socket4870km EnginesC. F. M. Cruising speed873kph/Mach 0. 8 Length110ft (33. 6m) 129ft (39. 5m) wingspread112ft,(34. 5m) Boeing 747 200 Total in service1 CargoRange10000 km EnginesFour Pratt Whitney Cruising speed917kph/Mach 0. 84 Length231ft 11ins,(70. 7m) Wingspan195ft 9in,(59. 6m) *Boeing 777 200 Total in service6 Range12670 km EnginesRolls Royce Cruising speed864kph/Mach 0. 83 Length209 ft 1ins(63. 7m) Wingspan199ft 11ins,(60. 9m) *Boeing 747 400 Total in service6 Range11860km EnginesFour Pratt Whitney Cruising speed927kph/Mach 0. 85 Length231ft 11ins,(70. 7m) Wingspan213ft,(64. 9m) *Boeing 767 Total in service8 Range10000 kmEngines two Pratt Whitney Cruising speed873kph/Mach 0. 8 Length159ft 2ins,(48. 5m) Wingspan156ft,(47. 6m) *Boeing 757 Total in service5 Range6100km EnginesTwo Rolls Royce Cruising speed873kph/Mach 0. 8 Length155ft 3ins,(47. 3m) Wingspan124ft, 10ins,(37. 9m) Appendix2 Code Sharing Airlines Destination American Airlines Code Share flights operated by AA from Europe to the USA and flights operated by AA within the USA. To view the list of destinations. Iberia Flights between Tel-Aviv and Barcelona or